Unity中物体抛物线(愤怒的小鸟与弓箭发射)

无论是愤怒的小鸟，还是弓箭发射功能，亦或者模拟炮弹受重力影响等抛物线轨迹，都可以使用本文的方法，和往常一样，先说原理。就是抛物运动，在垂直方向上做加速度运动，在水平方向上，做匀速运动。

那么如何使用transform模拟呢？让物体同时在两个方向产生位移就行了，一个是初速度方向，一个是垂直方向。

垂直方向的速度 = a*t，a代表重力加速度，t代表已经运行的时间。

案例一、愤怒的小鸟

using UnityEngine;

using System.Collections;

public class newDus : MonoBehaviour {

    public float Power = 10;//这个代表发射时的速度/力度等，可以通过此来模拟不同的力大小
    public float Angle = 45;//发射的角度，这个就不用解释了吧
    public float Gravity = -10;//这个代表重力加速度

    private Vector3 MoveSpeed;//初速度向量
    private Vector3 GritySpeed = Vector3.zero;//重力的速度向量，t时为0
    private float dTime;//已经过去的时间
    private Vector3 currentAngle;

    // Use this for initialization
    void Start()
    {
        //通过一个公式计算出初速度向量
        //角度*力度
        MoveSpeed = Quaternion.Euler(new Vector3(0, 0, Angle)) * Vector3.right * Power;
        currentAngle = Vector3.zero;
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void FixedUpdate()
    {
        //计算物体的重力速度
        //v = at ;
        GritySpeed.y = Gravity * (dTime += Time.fixedDeltaTime);
        //位移模拟轨迹
        transform.position += (MoveSpeed + GritySpeed) * Time.fixedDeltaTime;
        currentAngle.z = Mathf.Atan((MoveSpeed.y + GritySpeed.y) / MoveSpeed.x) * Mathf.Rad2Deg;
        transform.eulerAngles = currentAngle;
    }

}

案例二、弓箭发射

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class BulletFly : MonoBehaviour
{
    public TrailRenderer trail;
    
    public float speed = 20.0f;
    public float curveHeightRate = 1.4f;

    Vector3 startPos;
    Vector3 endPos;
    Vector3 ctrlPos;
    float lifeTime; // 运行时间
    float timeElapsed;
    Transform trf;
    Vector3 prevPos;
    bool alive;
    
    /// <summary> 发射 </summary>
    public void Launch(Vector3 endPos)
    {
        alive = true;

        startPos = trf.position;
        this.endPos = endPos;
        timeElapsed = 0.0f;

        float dist = Vector3.Distance(endPos, startPos);
        
        if (dist < 0.0000000001f)
        {
            dist = 0.0001f;
        }
        lifeTime = dist / speed;

        Vector3 startPos_ = startPos;
        startPos_.y = 0.0f;
        Vector3 endPos_ = endPos;
        endPos_.y = 0.0f;

        ctrlPos = startPos_ + (endPos_ - startPos_) * 0.32f;
        ctrlPos.y = dist * curveHeightRate;
        
        float p = 0.01f;
        Vector3 nextPos = (1.0f - p) * (1.0f - p) * startPos + 2 * p * (1.0f - p) * ctrlPos + p * p * endPos;
        
        Vector3 rotate = nextPos - startPos;
        trf.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(rotate);
        
        prevPos = startPos;
        trail.Clear();
    }

    void Awake()
    {
        trf = transform;
    }

    void Update()
    {
        if (!alive)
            return;

        timeElapsed += Time.deltaTime;

        float p = timeElapsed / lifeTime;

        if (p > 1.0f)
        {
            p = 1.0f;
        }

        Vector3 pos = (1.0f - p) * (1.0f - p) * startPos + 2 * p * (1.0f - p) * ctrlPos + p * p * endPos;

        trf.position = pos;

        Vector3 rotate = pos - prevPos;
        trf.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(rotate);

        prevPos = pos;
        
        if (p >= 1.0f)
        {
            KillSelf();
        }
    }
    void KillSelf()
    {
        if (!alive)
            return;
        alive = false;
        gameObject.SetActive(false);
        BulletPool.Instance.AddArrowBullet(this);
    }
}

//使用
BulletFly arrow = BulletPool.Instance.GetArrowBullet();
arrow.transform.position = transform.position;
arrow.Launch(target.position);
arrow.gameObject.SetActive(true);