Oracle EXP和IMP指令详解

一、EXP实现逻辑备份

EXP/IMP是Oracle比较传统的数据库逻辑备份工具，实现全库或表空间的逻辑备份，不支持用户的交互模式，基于客户端。

EXP导出方式

a)传统路径方式：采用SQL语句把要导出的表的数据检索出来，通过网络将这些数据传输到客户端，并生成转储文件。既然是SQL语句的方式，就需要在shared_pool中解析生成执行计划以后，将数据缓存到buffer中，然后传到客户端，该方式是默认的导出方式。

b)直接路径方式：直接获得数据块，并绕过shared_pool和buffer cache，将数据块里的数据直接抽出来后直接传递到客户端上，速度较快。导出时需加上direct=y，有一些限制，不能导出含有LOB，BFILE等大对象的表。

EXP指令

在Windows平台，可以输入EXP HELP=Y，查看帮助信息。

D:\backup>exp help=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jun 27 09:06:54 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.



You can let Export prompt you for parameters by entering the EXP
command followed by your username/password:

     Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER

Or, you can control how Export runs by entering the EXP command followed
by various arguments. To specify parameters, you use keywords:

     Format:  EXP KEYWORD=value or KEYWORD=(value1,value2,...,valueN)
     Example: EXP SCOTT/TIGER GRANTS=Y TABLES=(EMP,DEPT,MGR)
               or TABLES=(T1:P1,T1:P2), if T1 is partitioned table

USERID must be the first parameter on the command line.

Keyword    Description (Default)      Keyword      Description (Default)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
USERID     username/password          FULL         export entire file (N)
BUFFER     size of data buffer        OWNER        list of owner usernames
FILE       output files (EXPDAT.DMP)  TABLES       list of table names
COMPRESS   import into one extent (Y) RECORDLENGTH length of IO record
GRANTS     export grants (Y)          INCTYPE      incremental export type
INDEXES    export indexes (Y)         RECORD       track incr. export (Y)
DIRECT     direct path (N)            TRIGGERS     export triggers (Y)
LOG        log file of screen output  STATISTICS   analyze objects (ESTIMATE)
ROWS       export data rows (Y)       PARFILE      parameter filename
CONSISTENT cross-table consistency(N) CONSTRAINTS  export constraints (Y)

OBJECT_CONSISTENT    transaction set to read only during object export (N)
FEEDBACK             display progress every x rows (0)
FILESIZE             maximum size of each dump file
FLASHBACK_SCN        SCN used to set session snapshot back to
FLASHBACK_TIME       time used to get the SCN closest to the specified time
QUERY                select clause used to export a subset of a table
RESUMABLE            suspend when a space related error is encountered(N)
RESUMABLE_NAME       text string used to identify resumable statement
RESUMABLE_TIMEOUT    wait time for RESUMABLE
TTS_FULL_CHECK       perform full or partial dependency check for TTS
TABLESPACES          list of tablespaces to export
TRANSPORT_TABLESPACE export transportable tablespace metadata (N)
TEMPLATE             template name which invokes iAS mode export

Export terminated successfully without warnings.

D:\backup>

演示基于EXP的数据导出

1）EXP导出整个数据库