传统的编译型语言对多线程访问同一公共变量都会先锁定,旧版的Delphi亦如是,如果不先锁定,多半会有地址操作错误之类的运行时提示.
因为TDictionary是个比较复杂的类,存取里面的代码复杂, fastmm内置的原子锁就无能为力了, 运行一会就出现write 地址出错 .
但XE的出现让一切都免了,固定内存占用的数据类型(integer,double,long之类)同时读写没事, 即使变长的String类型亦没事!! 除了公共变量, 连对象的属性都一样,下面是测试代码:
- type
- TForm1 = class(TForm)
- Button1: TButton;
- Button2: TButton;
- procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
- procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
- procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
- procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
- private
- { Private declarations }
- Lck: TCriticalSection;
- tasks: array of ITask;
- fv: String;
- public
- { Public declarations }
- property v:String read fv write fv;
- end;
- var
- Form1: TForm1;
- implementation
- {$R *.dfm}
- procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
- var
- i: integer;
- begin
- SetLength(tasks, 150);
- for i := Low(tasks) to High(tasks) do
- begin
- tasks[i] := TTask.Create(
- procedure()
- var
- i, j: integer;
- begin
- for i := 1 to 500000000 do
- begin
- Form1.v := inttostr(i); // 并发给全局V赋值,但不会出错?
- j := strtoint(Form1.v); // 并发读取v的值
- if j <> i then
- begin
- // OutputDebugString(pchar(format('%d,%d',[j,i])));
- end;
- if TTaskStatus.Canceled = TTask.CurrentTask.Status then
- begin
- break;
- end;
- sleep(random(5));
- end;
- OutputDebugString('Thread Finished');
- end);
- tasks[i].Start;
- end;
- end;
改为用TThread也一样没事!
- threads:array of tthread;
- procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
- var
- i: integer;
- begin
- tag:=0;
- SetLength(threads,150);
- for i := 0 to 149 do
- begin
- threads[i] := TThread.CreateAnonymousThread(
- procedure()
- var
- i, j: integer;
- begin
- OutputDebugString(pchar('Thread '+INTTOSTR(tthread.CurrentThread.Handle)+' started.'));
- for i := 1 to 500000000 do
- begin
- Form1.v := inttostr(i); // 并发给全局V赋值,但不会出错?
- j := strtoint(Form1.v); // 并发读取v的值
- if j <> i then
- begin
- // OutputDebugString(pchar(format('%d,%d',[j,i])));
- end;
- if form1.Tag<>0 then
- begin
- break;
- end;
- sleep(random(5));
- end;
- OutputDebugString('Thread Finished');
- end);
- threads[i].FreeOnTerminate := true;
- threads[i].Start;
- end;
- end;
为什么那么神奇?? 二小姐的回复说 ismulthread是System单元里的一个开关,表示是否运行在多线程模式中,多线程模式下fastmm会给分配内存之类的操作用原子指令来加锁,用Task和TThread之类不用设置这个变量,它们内部本身就有设置. 不得不给XE点100个赞.
但是问题来了, 是不是所有数据类型都能自动处理?? 并不是,若将fv改为TDictionary<integer,String>,如下:
- type
- TForm1 = class(TForm)
- Button1: TButton;
- Button2: TButton;
- Button3: TButton;
- Button4: TButton;
- procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
- procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
- procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
- procedure Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
- procedure Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
- procedure Button4Click(Sender: TObject);
- private
- { Private declarations }
- Lck: TCriticalSection;
- tasks: array of ITask;
- threads:array of tthread;
- fv:TDictionary<integer,String>;
- public
- { Public declarations }
- property v: TDictionary<integer,String> read fv write fv;
- end;
- var
- Form1: TForm1;
- implementation
- {$R *.dfm}
- procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
- var
- i: integer;
- begin
- SetLength(tasks, 150);
- for i := Low(tasks) to High(tasks) do
- begin
- tasks[i] := TTask.Create(
- procedure()
- var
- i, j: integer;
- begin
- for i := 1 to 500000000 do
- begin
- Form1.v.AddOrSetValue(i,inttostr(i)); // 并发给全局V赋值,但不会出错?
- j := strtoint(Form1.v.Items[i]); // 并发读取v的值
- if j <> i then
- begin
- // OutputDebugString(pchar(format('%d,%d',[j,i])));
- end;
- if TTaskStatus.Canceled = TTask.CurrentTask.Status then
- begin
- break;
- end;
- sleep(random(5));
- end;
- OutputDebugString('Thread Finished');
- end);
- tasks[i].Start;
- end;
- end;
因为TDictionary是个比较复杂的类,存取里面的代码复杂, fastmm内置的原子锁就无能为力了, 运行一会就出现write 地址出错 .