[转]delphi 变参函数：array of const
array of const
Delphi的Format函数大家都用得很多，第二个参数用着确实很方便。最近在数据库开发应用中需要自己创建一个带array of const参数的函数，对于常用的类型String,Integer,Pointer处理都没什么问题，但当用到Widestring类型时却出错，摸索了一上午，感觉获益良多。现在将问题、解决问题的思路、分析方法等一一道来，希望对诸君有所启发就达到了我写这篇文章的目的了！
环境：Winxp + D7
进入D7，在默认的新建工程中增加一过程Test(m: Array of const);
procedure TForm1.test(m: array of const);
var
i, zero: Integer;
s, t: String;
c: Char;
const
sBoolean: Array [Boolean] of string = ('False', 'True');
begin
s := '';
for i := 0 to High(m) do with m[i] do
case VType of //写到这，按住Ctrl点击VType，打开System单元，将VType的枚举值贴到Case语句
vtInteger: (VInteger: Integer; VType: Byte);
vtBoolean: (VBoolean: Boolean);
vtChar: (VChar: Char);
vtExtended: (VExtended: PExtended);
vtString: (VString: PShortString);
vtPointer: (VPointer: Pointer);
vtPChar: (VPChar: PChar);
vtObject: (VObject: TObject);
vtClass: (VClass: TClass);
vtWideChar: (VWideChar: WideChar);
vtPWideChar: (VPWideChar: PWideChar);
vtAnsiString: (VAnsiString: Pointer);
vtCurrency: (VCurrency: PCurrency);
vtVariant: (VVariant: PVariant);
vtInterface: (VInterface: Pointer);
vtWideString: (VWideString: Pointer);
vtInt64: (VInt64: PInt64);
end;
Delete(s, 1, 1);
Self.Caption := s;
end;
继续写，对各枚举值进行处理！这里作一下解释，Array of const正是由TVarRec类型组成的！
请看Case of语句中的代码：
vtInteger: s := s + ';' + IntToStr(VInteger);
vtBoolean: s := s + ';' + sBoolean[VBoolean];
vtChar: s := s + ';' + VChar;
vtExtended: s := s + ';' + FloatToStr(VExtended^);
vtString:
if Assigned(VString) then begin
t := VString^;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtPointer:
if Assigned(VPointer) then
s := Format('%S; Pointer: $%X ',[s, Integer(VPointer)]);
vtPChar:
if Assigned(VPChar) then begin
t := VPChar^;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtObject:
if Assigned(VObject) then
s := Format('%S; $%X ClassName: %S ',[s, Integer(@VObject), VObject.ClassName]);
vtClass:
if Assigned(VClass) then
s := Format('%S; Class Reference $%X - ClassName: %S ',[s, Integer(VClass), VClass.ClassName]);
vtWideChar:
begin
t := VWideChar;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtPWideChar:
if Assigned(VPWideChar) then begin
t := VPWideChar^;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtAnsiString:
if Assigned(VAnsiString) then begin
t := PChar(VAnsiString);
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtCurrency:
if Assigned(VCurrency) then
s := s + ';' + FloatToStr(VCurrency^);
vtVariant:
if Assigned(VVariant) then
s := s + '; This is variant ';
vtInterface:
if Assigned(VInterface) then
s := Format('%S; Interface: $%X',[s, Integer(VInterface)]);
vtWideString:
if Assigned(VWideString) then begin
t := PWideString(VWideString)^;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtInt64:
if Assigned(VInt64) then
s := s + ';' + IntToStr(VInt64^);
加上一按钮测试该函数
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ws: WideString;
begin
ws := 'dda这是一个测试dfa';
test([self, 'sdf', 2.3324, ws, TForm]);
end;
可以看到测试结果，变量ws的值没有显示出来，怎么办呢？
我们可以看到WideString类型的值是指针，我们就从这里着手，在事件中添加一句：
Button1.Caption := Format('$%X',[Integer(@ws)]);
此句的作用是显示出ws的地址
再在Test函数中也加上类似的语句，并注释掉无用的语句：
//t := PWideString(VWideString)^;
//s := s + ';' + t;
s := s + ';' + Format('$%X',[Integer(VWideString)]);
运行可看到二个地址不一样，说明Delphi对传入的参数数据作了复制
因此将其强制转换成PWidechar应该可以，增加一变量声明
w: WideString;
w := PWideString(VWideString)^;
s := s + ';' + w;
但运行结果却只显示一个字符，别沮丧，已经摸到门道了！
我们知道Format可以处理Widestring类型，这里只得到一个字符，说明字符被截断了。Delphi中的字符串是以#0结束，Widestring以二个#0结束，可以肯定w := PWideString(VWideString)^这句Delphi作转换时肯定将其默认作为AnsiString处理了。分析到这里已经可动手写下去了.....
p: PByte;
if Assigned(VWideString) then begin
t := '';
zero := 0;
p := VWideString;
repeat
c := char(p^);
inc(p);
if c = #0 then
inc(zero) else
begin
zero := 0;
t := t + c;
end;
until zero = 2;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
但是显示汉字却变成乱码了，而且处理也显得臃肿。到这里我们已经明白了，VWideString所指示的字符串是二字节宽字符串，而且Intel的字节顺序也是低位在前，高位在后。因此可用PWord进行处理！
删除c,zero,w变量，p改成：
p: PWord;
if Assigned(VWideString) then begin
t := '';
p := VWideString;
repeat
t := t + widechar(p^);
inc(p);
until p^ = 0;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
可以看到核心代码已经很精练了，运行已经显示正常，汉字也无乱码了！至此我们似乎是大功告成了，但静下来想想，Delphi支持WideString到String的转换，它也应该有这样的处理代码。
而且在循环中t := t + widechar(p^);语句处下一断点，运行到断点处，再打开CPU窗口，看到看似简洁的代码，单此一句，编译器都要给它加上一大堆处理代码。找到系统的字符串处理函数很有必要，经过在System.pas单元中搜索WideString，找到函数：procedure WideCharToStrVar(Source: PWideChar; var Dest: string);
呵呵，这正是我们要的！！！
现在循环语句及P变量都可删除了，代码我就省略了。
function MakeStr(const Args: array of const): string;
const
BoolChars: array[Boolean] of Char = ('F', 'T');
var
I: Integer;
begin
Result := '';
for I := 0 to High(Args) do
with Args[I] do
case VType of
vtInteger: Result := Result + IntToStr(VInteger);
vtBoolean: Result := Result + BoolChars[VBoolean];
vtChar: Result := Result + VChar;
vtExtended: Result := Result + FloatToStr(VExtended^);
vtString: Result := Result + VString^;
vtPChar: Result := Result + VPChar;
vtObject: Result := Result + VObject.ClassName;
vtClass: Result := Result + VClass.ClassName;
vtAnsiString: Result := Result + string(VAnsiString);
vtCurrency: Result := Result + CurrToStr(VCurrency^);
vtVariant: Result := Result + string(VVariant^);
vtInt64: Result := Result + IntToStr(VInt64^);
end;
end;
We can call this function using an open array constructor (see Open array constructors).
For example,
MakeStr(['test', 100, ' ', True, 3.14159, TForm])
returns the string "test100 T3.14159TForm".
procedure TForm1.Test(m: array of const);
var
i, zero: Integer;
s, t: String;
c: Char;
const
sBoolean: Array [Boolean] of string = ('False', 'True');
begin
s := '';
for i := 0 to High(m) do with m[i] do
case VType of //写到这，按住Ctrl点击VType，打开System单元，将VType的枚举值贴到Case语句
{ vtInteger: (VInteger: Integer; VType: Byte);
vtBoolean: (VBoolean: Boolean);
vtChar: (VChar: Char);
vtExtended: (VExtended: PExtended);
vtString: (VString: PShortString);
vtPointer: (VPointer: Pointer);
vtPChar: (VPChar: PChar);
vtObject: (VObject: TObject);
vtClass: (VClass: TClass);
vtWideChar: (VWideChar: WideChar);
vtPWideChar: (VPWideChar: PWideChar);
vtAnsiString: (VAnsiString: Pointer);
vtCurrency: (VCurrency: PCurrency);
vtVariant: (VVariant: PVariant);
vtInterface: (VInterface: Pointer);
vtWideString: (VWideString: Pointer);
vtInt64: (VInt64: PInt64);
}
vtInteger: s := s + ';' + IntToStr(VInteger);
vtBoolean: s := s + ';' + sBoolean[VBoolean];
vtChar: s := s + ';' + VChar;
vtExtended: s := s + ';' + FloatToStr(VExtended^);
vtString:
if Assigned(VString) then begin
t := VString^;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtPointer:
if Assigned(VPointer) then
s := Format('%S; Pointer: $%X ',[s, Integer(VPointer)]);
vtPChar:
if Assigned(VPChar) then begin
t := VPChar^;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtObject:
if Assigned(VObject) then
s := Format('%S; $%X ClassName: %S ',[s, Integer(@VObject), VObject.ClassName]);
vtClass:
if Assigned(VClass) then
s := Format('%S; Class Reference $%X - ClassName: %S ',[s, Integer(VClass), VClass.ClassName]);
vtWideChar:
begin
t := VWideChar;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtPWideChar:
if Assigned(VPWideChar) then begin
t := VPWideChar^;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtAnsiString:
if Assigned(VAnsiString) then begin
t := PChar(VAnsiString);
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtCurrency:
if Assigned(VCurrency) then
s := s + ';' + FloatToStr(VCurrency^);
vtVariant:
if Assigned(VVariant) then
s := s + '; This is variant ';
vtInterface:
if Assigned(VInterface) then
s := Format('%S; Interface: $%X',[s, Integer(VInterface)]);
vtWideString:
if Assigned(VWideString) then begin
t := PWideString(VWideString)^;
s := s + ';' + t;
end;
vtInt64:
if Assigned(VInt64) then
s := s + ';' + IntToStr(VInt64^);
end;
Delete(s, 1, 1);
Self.Caption := s;
end;
procedure TForm1.Button5Click(Sender: TObject);
var
ws: WideString;
begin
ws := 'dda这是一个测试dfa';
test([self, 'sdf', 2.3324, ws, TForm]);
end;
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