应用dranger教程使用ffmpeg库从视频中读取图片的示例程序

声明：版权归dranger大神，参考地址为：http://dranger.com/ffmpeg/tutorial01.html， 我只是将教程中不适合0.7版本ffmpeg的api的代码改为可在0.7版本ffmpeg下编译运行的程序，

编译环境为：centos 5.9， ffmpeg版本：0.7.15， x264版本：20110627

代码如下：

// tutorial01.c
// Code based on a tutorial by Martin Bohme (boehme@inb.uni-luebeckREMOVETHIS.de)
// Tested on Gentoo, CVS version 5/01/07 compiled with GCC 4.1.1

// A small sample program that shows how to use libavformat and libavcodec to
// read video from a file.
//
// Use
//
// gcc -o tutorial01 tutorial01.c -lavformat -lavcodec -lz
//
// to build (assuming libavformat and libavcodec are correctly installed
// your system).
//
// Run using
//
// tutorial01 myvideofile.mpg
//
// to write the first five frames from "myvideofile.mpg" to disk in PPM
// format.

#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <math.h>  
#include <SDL/SDL.h>  
 
static int sws_flags = SWS_BICUBIC;

void SaveFrame(AVFrame *pFrame, int width, int height, int iFrame) {
  FILE *pFile;
  char szFilename[32];
  int  y;
  
  // Open file
  sprintf(szFilename, "frame%d.ppm", iFrame);
  pFile=fopen(szFilename, "wb");
  if(pFile==NULL)
    return;
  
  // Write header
  fprintf(pFile, "P6\n%d %d\n255\n", width, height);
  
  // Write pixel data
  for(y=0; y<height; y++)
    fwrite(pFrame->data[0]+y*pFrame->linesize[0], 1, width*3, pFile);
  
  // Close file
  fclose(pFile);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx;
  int             i, videoStream;
  AVCodecContext  *pCodecCtx;
  AVCodec         *pCodec;
  AVFrame         *pFrame; 
  AVFrame         *pFrameRGB;
  AVPacket        packet;
  int             frameFinished;
  int             numBytes;
  uint8_t         *buffer;
  
  if(argc < 2) {
    printf("Please provide a movie file\n");
    return -1;
  }
  // Register all formats and codecs
  av_register_all();
  
  // Open video file
  if(av_open_input_file(&pFormatCtx, argv[1], NULL, 0, NULL)!=0)
  {
	 printf("error to open the file\n");
    return -1; // Couldn't open file
  }
  printf("1\n");
  
  // Retrieve stream information
  if(av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx)<0)
    return -1; // Couldn't find stream information
  
  // Dump information about file onto standard error
  dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, argv[1], 0);
  
  // Find the first video stream
  videoStream=-1;
  for(i=0; i<pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)
    if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO) {
      videoStream=i;
      break;
    }
  if(videoStream==-1)
    return -1; // Didn't find a video stream
  
  // Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
  pCodecCtx=pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;
  
  // Find the decoder for the video stream
  pCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
  if(pCodec==NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec!\n");
    return -1; // Codec not found
  }
  // Open codec
  if(avcodec_open(pCodecCtx, pCodec)<0)
    return -1; // Could not open codec
  
  // Allocate video frame
  pFrame=avcodec_alloc_frame();
  
  // Allocate an AVFrame structure
  pFrameRGB=avcodec_alloc_frame();
  if(pFrameRGB==NULL)
    return -1;
  
  // Determine required buffer size and allocate buffer
  numBytes=avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_RGB24, pCodecCtx->width,
			      pCodecCtx->height);
  buffer=(uint8_t *)av_malloc(numBytes*sizeof(uint8_t));
  
  // Assign appropriate parts of buffer to image planes in pFrameRGB
  // Note that pFrameRGB is an AVFrame, but AVFrame is a superset
  // of AVPicture
  avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrameRGB, buffer, PIX_FMT_RGB24,
		 pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
  
  // Read frames and save first five frames to disk
  static struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;  
    if (img_convert_ctx == NULL)  
    {  
        img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height,  
                                         pCodecCtx->pix_fmt,  
                                         pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height,  
//                                         PIX_FMT_YUV420P,  
                                         PIX_FMT_RGB24,
                                         sws_flags, NULL, NULL, NULL);  
        if (img_convert_ctx == NULL)  
        {  
            fprintf(stderr, "Cannot initialize the conversion context\n");  
            exit(1);  
        }  
    }
  i=0;
  while(av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet)>=0) {
    // Is this a packet from the video stream?
    if(packet.stream_index==videoStream) {
      // Decode video frame
      avcodec_decode_video(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &frameFinished, 
			   packet.data, packet.size);
      
      // Did we get a video frame?
      if(frameFinished) {
	// Convert the image from its native format to RGB
//	img_convert((AVPicture *)pFrameRGB, PIX_FMT_RGB24, \
                    (AVPicture*)pFrame, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, \
                    pCodecCtx->height);
	sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const uint8_t*  const*)pFrame->data,\
			           pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, pFrameRGB->data, pFrameRGB->linesize);
	
	// Save the frame to disk
	if(++i<=5)
	  SaveFrame(pFrameRGB, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, 
		    i);
      }
    }
    
    // Free the packet that was allocated by av_read_frame
    av_free_packet(&packet);
  }
  
  // Free the RGB image
  av_free(buffer);
  av_free(pFrameRGB);
  
  // Free the YUV frame
  av_free(pFrame);
  
  // Close the codec
  avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);
  
  // Close the video file
  av_close_input_file(pFormatCtx);
  
  return 0;
}

makefile为

all: ffmpeg_test ffplay
CXX=gcc

CXXFLAGS=	-c -g -O0 -fPIC -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib  

LIBS=	-lavcodec -lavutil -lavfilter -lavformat -lavdevice  -lswscale -lpthread -L/usr/local/lib

.c.o:
	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $<

ffmpeg_test:ffmpeg.cpp
	g++ -g -O0 -fPIC -I/usr/local/include  -o $@ $^ $(LIBS)  
ffplay:ffplay.cpp
	g++ -g -O0 -fPIC -I/usr/local/include  -o $@ $^ $(LIBS)
tutorial01:tutorial01.c
	gcc -g -O0 -fPIC -I/usr/lcoal/include  -o $@ $^ $(LIBS)


clean:
	rm -f *.o
	rm -f *~
	rm -f ffmpeg_test
	rm -f ffplay
	rm -f *.ppm
	rm -f tutotrial01

编译 make tutorial01

运行为 ./tutorial01 input.avi

如果没有错误即可产生5张图片。

本人不才，想取出帧后存为bmp图像，又比较懒，只是写了bmp文件的头，将pFrame->data[0]内容写入，最后产生的bmp图像的内容是上下相反的。代码如下，仅仅改变了存图像的saveframe函数：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <SDL/SDL.h>
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libswscale/swscale.h>
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>

#pragma pack (1)
typedef struct BITMAPFILEHEADER
{
  short bfType;
  int bfSize;
  short bfReserved1;
  short bfReserved2;
  int bfOffBits;
} BITMAPFILEHEADER;
#pragma pack ()

typedef struct BITMAPINFOHEADER
{
  int biSize;
  long biWidth;
  long biHeight;
  short biPlanes;
  short biBitCount;
  int biCompression;
  int biSizeImage;
  long biXPelsPerMeter;
  long biYPelsPerMeter;
  int biClrUsed;
  int biClrImportant;
} BITMAPINFOHEADER;

void SaveFrame(AVFrame *pFrame, int width, int height, int iFrame) {
  FILE *pFile;
  char szFilename[32];
  int  y;
  struct BITMAPFILEHEADER bfh;
  struct BITMAPINFOHEADER bih;
 
  // Open file
  sprintf(szFilename, "frame%d.bmp", iFrame);
  pFile=fopen(szFilename, "wb");
  if(pFile==NULL)
    return;
   bfh.bfType = 0x4D42;
  bfh.bfSize = 14 + 40 + width * height;
  bfh.bfOffBits = 14 + 40;
  bfh.bfReserved1 = 0;
  bfh.bfReserved2 = 0;
 
  fwrite (&bfh, 14, 1, pFile);	//write the bmp header 'BM'(ASCII:0x4D42).
 bih.biBitCount = 24;
  bih.biWidth = width;
  bih.biHeight = height;
  bih.biSizeImage = width * height *3; 
  bih.biClrImportant = 0;
  bih.biClrUsed = 0;
  bih.biCompression = 0;
  bih.biPlanes = 1;
  bih.biSize = 40;
  bih.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
  bih.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;

  fwrite (&bih, 40, 1, pFile);	//write the bit map info header.

  fwrite ( pFrame->data[0] , width * height *3 , 1, pFile);
  
  // Close file
  fclose(pFile);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx;
	int i,videoStream;
	AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx;
	AVCodec	*pCodec;
	AVFrame	*pFrame;
	AVFrame *pFrameRGB;
	AVPacket packet;
	int 	numBytes;
	uint8_t *buffer;
	int frameFinished;

	if(argc < 2)	
	{
		printf("please open a movie file\n");
		exit(0);
	}

	av_register_all();

	if(av_open_input_file(&pFormatCtx, argv[1], NULL, 0, NULL) != 0)
	{
		printf("error to open the file\n");
		exit(0);
	}

	if(av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx) < 0)
	{
		printf("error to find the stream info of the file\n");
		exit(0);
	}
	
	dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, argv[1], 0);
 
	videoStream = -1;
	for(i=0; i < pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++)
		if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO){
			videoStream = i;
			break;
		}
	if(videoStream == -1)
	{
		printf("unsupported File format\n");
		exit(0);
	}

	pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;

	pCodec	=	avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
	if(pCodec == NULL)
	{
		fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec\n");
		exit(0);
	}

	if(avcodec_open(pCodecCtx, pCodec) < 0)
	{
		printf("error to open codec\n");
		exit(0);
	}

	pFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();

	pFrameRGB = avcodec_alloc_frame();
	if(pFrameRGB == NULL)
	{
		printf("unable to alloc memory for pFrameRGB\n");
		exit(0);
	}

	numBytes	= avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_RGB24, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
	buffer		= (uint8_t *)av_malloc(numBytes * sizeof(uint8_t));
	avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)pFrameRGB, buffer, PIX_FMT_RGB24, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);

	static struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;
	if(img_convert_ctx == NULL)
	{
		img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height,
					pCodecCtx->pix_fmt,
					pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height,
					PIX_FMT_RGB24,SWS_BICUBIC,
					NULL,NULL,NULL
				);
		if(img_convert_ctx == NULL)
		{
			printf("error to initialize the conversion context \n");
			exit(0);
		}
	}

	i = 0;
	while(av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet) >= 0)
	{
		if(packet.stream_index == videoStream){
			avcodec_decode_video(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &frameFinished, packet.data, packet.size);
			if(frameFinished){
				sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, (const uint8_t* const *)pFrame->data, 
						pFrame->linesize, 0, pCodecCtx->height, 
						pFrameRGB->data, pFrameRGB->linesize);

				if(++i <= 5)
					SaveFrame(pFrameRGB, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height, i);
			}
		}
		av_free_packet(&packet);
	}

	av_free(buffer);
	av_free(pFrameRGB);

	av_free(pFrame);
	avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);
	av_close_input_file(pFormatCtx);
	return 0;

}