第五章 5.3.2节练习

练习5.9

编写一段程序，使用一些列if语句统计从cin读入的文本中有多少元音字母。

解答：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>

using namespace std;

int main(){
	string str;
	int count[5] = { 0 };
	while (cin >> str){
		for (auto i : str){
			if (isalpha(i)){
				if (i == 'a')
					++count[0];
				else if (i == 'e')
					++count[1];
				else if (i == 'i')
					++count[2];
				else if (i == 'o')
					++count[3];
				else if (i == 'u')
					++count[4];
			}
		}
		cout << "a: " << count[0] << endl;
		cout << "e: " << count[1] << endl;
		cout << "i: " << count[2] << endl;
		cout << "o: " << count[3] << endl;
		cout << "u: " << count[4] << endl;
	}
}

练习5.10

我们之前实现的统计元音字母的程序存在一个问题：如果元音字母以大写形式出现，不会被统计在内。编写一段程序，及统计元音字符的小写形式，也统计大写形式，也就是说，新程序遇到‘a’和'A‘都应该递增aCnt的值，以此类推。

解答：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>

using namespace std;

int main(){
	string str;
	int count[5] = { 0 };
	while (cin >> str){
		for (auto i : str){
			if (isalpha(i)){
				switch (i){
				case'a':
				case 'A':
					++count[0];
					break;
				case 'e':
				case 'E':
					++count[1];
					break;
				case 'i':
				case 'I':
					++count[2];
					break;
				case 'o':
				case 'O':
					++count[3];
					break;
				case 'u':
				case 'U':
					++count[4];
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		cout << "a: " << count[0] << endl;
		cout << "e: " << count[1] << endl;
		cout << "i: " << count[2] << endl;
		cout << "o: " << count[3] << endl;
		cout << "u: " << count[4] << endl;
	}
}

练习5.11

修改统计元音字母的程序，使其也能统计空格、制表符和换行符的数量。

解答：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main(){
	string str;
	int count[5 + 3] = { 0 };
	while (getline(cin, str)){
		for (auto i : str){
			switch (i){
			case'a':
			case 'A':
				++count[0];
				break;
			case 'e':
			case 'E':
				++count[1];
				break;
			case 'i':
			case 'I':
				++count[2];
				break;
			case 'o':
			case 'O':
				++count[3];
				break;
			case 'u':
			case 'U':
				++count[4];
				break;
			case ' ':
				++count[5];
				break;
			case '\t':
			case '\v':
				++count[6];
				break;
			case '\n':
				++count[7];
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	cout << "a: " << count[0] << endl;
	cout << "e: " << count[1] << endl;
	cout << "i: " << count[2] << endl;
	cout << "o: " << count[3] << endl;
	cout << "u: " << count[4] << endl;
	cout << "space character: " << count[5] << endl;
	cout << "table character: " << count[6] << endl;
	cout << "new line character: " << count[7] << endl;
}

练习5.12

修改统计元音字母的程序，使其能统计一下含有两个字符的字符序列的数量：ff、fl和fi。

解答：

</pre><pre name="code" class="cpp">#include <iostream>
#include <string>


using namespace std;

int main(){
	string str;
	int count[5 + 3] = { 0 };
	char ch;
	while (getline(cin, str)){
		for (auto i : str){
			switch (i){
			case'a':
			case 'A':
				++count[0];
				break;
			case 'e':
			case 'E':
				++count[1];
				break;
			case 'i':
				if (ch == 'f')
					++count[7];
			case 'I':
				++count[2];
				break;
			case 'o':
			case 'O':
				++count[3];
				break;
			case 'u':
			case 'U':
				++count[4];
				break;
			case 'f':
				if (ch == 'f')
					++count[5];
				break;
			case 'l':
				if (ch== 'f')
					++count[6]; 
				break;
			}
			ch = i;
		}
	}
	cout << "a: " << count[0] << endl;
	cout << "e: " << count[1] << endl;
	cout << "i: " << count[2] << endl;
	cout << "o: " << count[3] << endl;
	cout << "u: " << count[4] << endl;
	cout << "ff: " << count[5] << endl;
	cout << "fl: " << count[6] << endl;
	cout << "fi: " << count[7] << endl;
}

练习5.13

下面显示的每个程序都含有一个常见的编程错误，指出错误在哪里，然后修改他们。

(a)

unsigned aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iouCnt =0;

char ch = next_text();

switch(ch){

  case 'a': aCnt++;

  case 'e': eCnt++;

  default: iouCnt++;

}

(b)
unsigned index = some_value();

switch(index){

  case 1:

    int ix = get_value();

    ivec[ix] = index;

  default:

    ix = ivec.size() - 1;

    ivec[ix] = index;

}

(c)

unsigned evenCnt = 0, oddCnt = 0;

int digit = get_num() % 10;

switch(digit){

  case 1, 3, 5, 7, 9:

     oddcnt++;

     break;

  case 2, 4, 6, 8,10:

     eventcnt++;

     break;

}

(d)

unsigned ival = 512, jval = 1024, kval = 4096;

unsigned bufsize;

unsigned swt = get_bufCnt();

switch(swt){

  case ival:

    bufsize = ival * sizeof(int);

    break;

  case jval:

    bufsize = jval * size(int);

    break;

   case kval:

     bufsize = kval * sizeof(int);

     break;

}

解答：

(a) case语句间没有break，会造成统计错误

(b) 对ix进行了初始化，需要大括号将case1的内容括起来。

(c) case标签不能这样写；使用的变量未定义

(d) case标签必须是整型常量表达式