练习5.9
编写一段程序,使用一些列if语句统计从cin读入的文本中有多少元音字母。
解答:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string str;
int count[5] = { 0 };
while (cin >> str){
for (auto i : str){
if (isalpha(i)){
if (i == 'a')
++count[0];
else if (i == 'e')
++count[1];
else if (i == 'i')
++count[2];
else if (i == 'o')
++count[3];
else if (i == 'u')
++count[4];
}
}
cout << "a: " << count[0] << endl;
cout << "e: " << count[1] << endl;
cout << "i: " << count[2] << endl;
cout << "o: " << count[3] << endl;
cout << "u: " << count[4] << endl;
}
}
练习5.10
我们之前实现的统计元音字母的程序存在一个问题:如果元音字母以大写形式出现,不会被统计在内。编写一段程序,及统计元音字符的小写形式,也统计大写形式,也就是说,新程序遇到‘a’和'A‘都应该递增aCnt的值,以此类推。
解答:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string str;
int count[5] = { 0 };
while (cin >> str){
for (auto i : str){
if (isalpha(i)){
switch (i){
case'a':
case 'A':
++count[0];
break;
case 'e':
case 'E':
++count[1];
break;
case 'i':
case 'I':
++count[2];
break;
case 'o':
case 'O':
++count[3];
break;
case 'u':
case 'U':
++count[4];
break;
}
}
}
cout << "a: " << count[0] << endl;
cout << "e: " << count[1] << endl;
cout << "i: " << count[2] << endl;
cout << "o: " << count[3] << endl;
cout << "u: " << count[4] << endl;
}
}
练习5.11
修改统计元音字母的程序,使其也能统计空格、制表符和换行符的数量。
解答:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string str;
int count[5 + 3] = { 0 };
while (getline(cin, str)){
for (auto i : str){
switch (i){
case'a':
case 'A':
++count[0];
break;
case 'e':
case 'E':
++count[1];
break;
case 'i':
case 'I':
++count[2];
break;
case 'o':
case 'O':
++count[3];
break;
case 'u':
case 'U':
++count[4];
break;
case ' ':
++count[5];
break;
case '\t':
case '\v':
++count[6];
break;
case '\n':
++count[7];
break;
}
}
}
cout << "a: " << count[0] << endl;
cout << "e: " << count[1] << endl;
cout << "i: " << count[2] << endl;
cout << "o: " << count[3] << endl;
cout << "u: " << count[4] << endl;
cout << "space character: " << count[5] << endl;
cout << "table character: " << count[6] << endl;
cout << "new line character: " << count[7] << endl;
}
练习5.12
修改统计元音字母的程序,使其能统计一下含有两个字符的字符序列的数量:ff、fl和fi。
解答:
</pre><pre name="code" class="cpp">#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main(){
string str;
int count[5 + 3] = { 0 };
char ch;
while (getline(cin, str)){
for (auto i : str){
switch (i){
case'a':
case 'A':
++count[0];
break;
case 'e':
case 'E':
++count[1];
break;
case 'i':
if (ch == 'f')
++count[7];
case 'I':
++count[2];
break;
case 'o':
case 'O':
++count[3];
break;
case 'u':
case 'U':
++count[4];
break;
case 'f':
if (ch == 'f')
++count[5];
break;
case 'l':
if (ch== 'f')
++count[6];
break;
}
ch = i;
}
}
cout << "a: " << count[0] << endl;
cout << "e: " << count[1] << endl;
cout << "i: " << count[2] << endl;
cout << "o: " << count[3] << endl;
cout << "u: " << count[4] << endl;
cout << "ff: " << count[5] << endl;
cout << "fl: " << count[6] << endl;
cout << "fi: " << count[7] << endl;
}
练习5.13
下面显示的每个程序都含有一个常见的编程错误,指出错误在哪里,然后修改他们。
(a)
unsigned aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iouCnt =0;
char ch = next_text();
switch(ch){
case 'a': aCnt++;
case 'e': eCnt++;
default: iouCnt++;
}
(b)
unsigned index = some_value();
switch(index){
case 1:
int ix = get_value();
ivec[ix] = index;
default:
ix = ivec.size() - 1;
ivec[ix] = index;
}
(c)
unsigned evenCnt = 0, oddCnt = 0;
int digit = get_num() % 10;
switch(digit){
case 1, 3, 5, 7, 9:
oddcnt++;
break;
case 2, 4, 6, 8,10:
eventcnt++;
break;
}
(d)
unsigned ival = 512, jval = 1024, kval = 4096;
unsigned bufsize;
unsigned swt = get_bufCnt();
switch(swt){
case ival:
bufsize = ival * sizeof(int);
break;
case jval:
bufsize = jval * size(int);
break;
case kval:
bufsize = kval * sizeof(int);
break;
}
解答:
(a) case语句间没有break,会造成统计错误
(b) 对ix进行了初始化,需要大括号将case1的内容括起来。
(c) case标签不能这样写;使用的变量未定义
(d) case标签必须是整型常量表达式