pandas.Series.quantile

Series.quantile(q=0.5, interpolation='linear')
q : float or array-like, default 0.5 (50% quantile)
    0 <= q <= 1, the quantile(s) to compute
interpolation : {‘linear’, ‘lower’, ‘higher’, ‘midpoint’, ‘nearest’}
    New in version 0.18.0.
    This optional parameter specifies the interpolation method to use, when the desired quantile lies between two data points i and j:
    linear: i + (j - i) * fraction, where fraction is the fractional part of the index surrounded by i and j.
    lower: i.
    higher: j.
    nearest: i or j whichever is nearest.
    midpoint: (i + j) / 2.

默认的取分位点的方法是线性插值，当然还可以选择是线性插值的上一个值，下一个值，或者两个值的中心