Android启动流程分析之一:Bootloader(基于高通芯片) 【mtk lk阶段有类似】

http://blog.csdn.net/ly890700/article/details/54586448

注:很多内容和MTK  LK阶段相同,可以借鉴学习。aboot.c内容差异很大。

本文以C6的bootlader代码为例,

 

一  kmain

1 crt0.S

手机上电后,硬件会从固定的地址(固化在ROM中)加载bootloader到RAM,然后跳转到bootloader的入口函数开始执行,对于mido,它的入口函数是:

bootable/bootloader/lk/arch/arm/crt0.S  Collapse source
#define DSB . byte  0x4f 0xf0 0x7f 0xf5
#define ISB . byte  0x6f 0xf0 0x7f 0xf5
.section  ".text.boot"
.globl _start
_start:
     b   reset
     b   arm_undefined
     b   arm_syscall
     b   arm_prefetch_abort
 
.....
.....
.....
 
#ifdef ARM_CPU_CORTEX_A8
     DSB
     ISB
#endif
     bl      kmain
     b       .

在_start中先主要完成CPU初始化,禁用mmu,禁用cache,初始化异常向量表等操作,最后将直接跳转到函数kmain中

2 kmain

kmain的代码位于

bootable/bootloader/lk/kernel/main.c  Collapse source
/* called from crt0.S */
void  kmain( void ) __NO_RETURN __EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
void  kmain( void )
{
     // get us into some sort of thread context
     thread_init_early();
     // early arch stuff
     arch_early_init();
     // do any super early platform initialization
     platform_early_init();
     // do any super early target initialization
     target_early_init();
     dprintf(INFO,  "welcome to lk\n\n" );
     bs_set_timestamp(BS_BL_START);
     // deal with any static constructors
     dprintf(SPEW,  "calling constructors\n" );
     call_constructors();
     // bring up the kernel heap
     dprintf(SPEW,  "initializing heap\n" );
     heap_init();
     __stack_chk_guard_setup();
     // initialize the threading system
     dprintf(SPEW,  "initializing threads\n" );
     thread_init();
     // initialize the dpc system
     dprintf(SPEW,  "initializing dpc\n" );
     dpc_init();
     // initialize kernel timers
     dprintf(SPEW,  "initializing timers\n" );
     timer_init();
#if (!ENABLE_NANDWRITE)
     // create a thread to complete system initialization
     dprintf(SPEW,  "creating bootstrap completion thread\n" );
     thread_resume(thread_create( "bootstrap2" , &bootstrap2, NULL, DEFAULT_PRIORITY, DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE));
     // enable interrupts
     exit_critical_section();
     // become the idle thread
     thread_become_idle();
#else
         bootstrap_nandwrite();
#endif
}

在kmain中,

2.1 调用thread_init_early初始化线程系统

2.2 调用arch_early_init中判断如果存在mmu就初始化,设置异常向量基地址,使能中断相关寄存器

2.3 在platform_early_init中完成初始化硬件时钟、手机的主板等操作,这个函数每种cpu的实现都不一样,定义在bootable\bootloader\lk\platform\{cpu型号}\platform.c下

2.4 target_early_init中完成初始化uart端口的操作,这个函数的实现在bootable\bootloader\lk\target\{cpu型号}\init.c

2.5 首先输出调试信息"welcome to lk\n\n",在bootable/bootloader/lk/include/debug.h中将INFO定义为了类似kernel中使用的debug level,同时定义了dprintf

bootable/bootloader/lk/include/debug.h  Collapse source
44 /* debug levels */
45#define CRITICAL 0
46#define ALWAYS 0
47#define INFO 1
48#define SPEW 2
49
50 /* output */
51void _dputc( char  c);  // XXX for now, platform implements
52int _dputs( const  char  *str);
53int _dprintf( const  char  *fmt, ...) __PRINTFLIKE(1, 2);
54int _dvprintf( const  char  *fmt,  va_list  ap);
55
56#define dputc(level, str)  do  if  ((level) <= DEBUGLEVEL) { _dputc(str); } }  while  (0)
57#define dputs(level, str)  do  if  ((level) <= DEBUGLEVEL) { _dputs(str); } }  while  (0)
58#define dprintf(level, x...)  do  if  ((level) <= DEBUGLEVEL) { _dprintf(x); } }  while  (0)
59#define dvprintf(level, x...)  do  if  ((level) <= DEBUGLEVEL) { _dvprintf(x); } }  while  (0)

然后调用bs_set_timestamp设置启动状态为BS_BL_START,启动状态的其他值定义在bootable/bootloader/lk/platform/msm_shared/include/boot_stats.h中:

bootable/bootloader/lk/platform/msm_shared/include/boot_stats.h  Collapse source
33 /* The order of the entries in this enum does not correspond to bootup order.
34 * It is mandated by the expected order of the entries in imem when the values
35 * are read in the kernel.
36 */
37enum bs_entry {
38  BS_BL_START = 0,
39  BS_KERNEL_ENTRY,
40  BS_SPLASH_SCREEN_DISPLAY,
41  BS_KERNEL_LOAD_TIME,
42  BS_KERNEL_LOAD_START,
43  BS_KERNEL_LOAD_DONE,
44  BS_MAX,
45};

2.6 SPEW同样是在bootable/bootloader/lk/include/debug.h中定义的debug level,函数call_constructors完成相关构造函数的初始化。

2.7 调用函数heap_init完成内核堆栈的初始化,用与kmalloc等函数的内存分配。

2.8  __stack_chk_guard_setup()其实是个宏,定义在bootable/bootloader/lk/include/debug.h中,

#define __stack_chk_guard_setup() do { __stack_chk_guard = get_canary(); } while(0)
get_canary函数定义在bootable/bootloader/lk/platform/msm_shared/scm.c中,返回一个生成的随机数,最终保存在全局变量__stack_chk_guard中。

2.9  在thread_init函数中初始化定时器

2.10 初始化延迟过程调用(delay procedure call)

2.11 调用timer_init初始化内核定时器

2.12 如果没有定义ENABLE_NANDWRITE,就创建出一个名为bootstrap2的线程,然后运行这个线程。退出临界区,开中断。全局变量critical_section_count在定义时取值为1,在exit_critical_section中会将critical_section_count先减1,如果减一后为0就使能中断。

bootable/bootloader/lk/include/kernel/thread.h  Collapse source
136static  inline  __ALWAYS_INLINE  void  exit_critical_section( void )
137{
138 critical_section_count--;
139  if  (critical_section_count == 0)
140     arch_enable_ints();
141}

最后调用thread_become_idle将本线程切换到idle状态

2.13 如果定义了ENABLE_NANDWRITE,在timer_init之后将执行bootstrap_nandwrite。我们接下来先以没有定义ENABLE_NANDWRITE来进行分析。


二  bootstrap2

bootstrap2线程会执行bootstrap2函数

bootable/bootloader/lk/kernel/kmain.c  Collapse source
static  int  bootstrap2( void  *arg)
{
     dprintf(SPEW,  "top of bootstrap2()\n" );
     arch_init();
     // XXX put this somewhere else
#if WITH_LIB_BIO
     bio_init();
#endif
#if WITH_LIB_FS
     fs_init();
#endif
     // initialize the rest of the platform
     dprintf(SPEW,  "initializing platform\n" );
     platform_init();
     // initialize the target
     dprintf(SPEW,  "initializing target\n" );
     target_init();
     dprintf(SPEW,  "calling apps_init()\n" );
     apps_init();
     return  0;
}

arch_init

 

arch_init函数目前实现为空。如果定义了WITH_LIB_BIO和WITH_LIB_FS,就分别执行bio_init和fs_init。函数platform_init的实现也跟cpu关联,但基本都是输出调试信息。

2 target_init

target_init的实现也与cpu型号有关,对于mido,其cpu型号为msm8953,target_init的实现为:
bootable/bootloader/lk/target/msm8953/init.c  Collapse source
void  target_init( void )
{
#if VERIFIED_BOOT
#if !VBOOT_MOTA
     int  ret = 0;
#endif
#endif
     dprintf(INFO,  "target_init()\n" );
     spmi_init(PMIC_ARB_CHANNEL_NUM, PMIC_ARB_OWNER_ID);
     target_keystatus();
     target_sdc_init();
     if  (partition_read_table())
     {
         dprintf(CRITICAL,  "Error reading the partition table info\n" );
         ASSERT(0);
     }
#if LONG_PRESS_POWER_ON
     shutdown_detect();
#endif
#if PON_VIB_SUPPORT
     vib_timed_turn_on(VIBRATE_TIME);
#endif
 
     if  (target_use_signed_kernel())
         target_crypto_init_params();
#if VERIFIED_BOOT
#if !VBOOT_MOTA
     clock_ce_enable(CE1_INSTANCE);
     /* Initialize Qseecom */
     ret = qseecom_init();
     if  (ret < 0)
     {
         dprintf(CRITICAL,  "Failed to initialize qseecom, error: %d\n" , ret);
         ASSERT(0);
     }
     /* Start Qseecom */
     ret = qseecom_tz_init();
     if  (ret < 0)
     {
         dprintf(CRITICAL,  "Failed to start qseecom, error: %d\n" , ret);
         ASSERT(0);
     }
     if  (rpmb_init() < 0)
     {
         dprintf(CRITICAL,  "RPMB init failed\n" );
         ASSERT(0);
     }
     /*
      * Load the sec app for first time
      */
     if  (load_sec_app() < 0)
     {
         dprintf(CRITICAL,  "Failed to load App for verified\n" );
         ASSERT(0);
     }
#endif
#endif
#if SMD_SUPPORT
     rpm_smd_init();
#endif
}
主要完成的操作有:

2.1从共享内存中读取xbl提供的pmic信息(pmic_info_populate)

2.2初始化spmi总线,用于cpu与pmic通信(spmi_init)

2.3初始化ap与rpm通信通道(rpm_glink_init)
2.4初始化按键(target_keystatus)

2.5判断内核是否签名,当使用的是签名的kernel时,需要初始加密解密引擎(target_crypto_init_params)

2.6判断是从usf还是emmc启动(platform_boot_dev_isemmc)

2.7获取分区表信息(mmc_read_partition_table)

2.8判断电池电压是否过低,过低则进入预充电(pm_appsbl_chg_check_weak_battery_status)

2.9和tz通信(qseecom_tz_init)

2.10初始化emmc或ufs中的rpmb用户加解密认证分区(rpmb_init)

2.11运行keymaster(load_sec_app)

 

三  apps_init

在bootstrap2线程中最后执行apps_init,完成一些应用功能的初始化。

 1 apps_init

apps_init的实现在:

bootable/bootloader/lk/app/app.c  Collapse source
/* one time setup */
void  apps_init( void )
{
     const  struct  app_descriptor *app;
     /* call all the init routines */
     for  (app = &__apps_start; app != &__apps_end; app++) {
         if  (app->init)
             app->init(app);
     }
     /* start any that want to start on boot */
     for  (app = &__apps_start; app != &__apps_end; app++) {
         if  (app->entry && (app->flags & APP_FLAG_DONT_START_ON_BOOT) == 0) {
             start_app(app);
         }
     }
}
static  int  app_thread_entry( void  *arg)
{
     const  struct  app_descriptor *app = ( const  struct  app_descriptor *)arg;
     app->entry(app, NULL);
     return  0;
}
static  void  start_app( const  struct  app_descriptor *app)
{
     thread_t *thr;
     printf ( "starting app %s\n" , app->name);
     thr = thread_create(app->name, &app_thread_entry, ( void  *)app, DEFAULT_PRIORITY, DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE);
     if (!thr)
     {
         return ;
     }
     thread_resume(thr);
}

__apps_start和__apps_end都是在连接脚本中定义的, 在  bootable/bootloader/lk/arch/arm/system-onesegment.ld中有:

__apps_start = .;
KEEP (*(.apps))
__apps_end = .;

__apps_start和__apps_end都代表两个链接地址,KEEP (*(.apps))表示所有.apps段都链接在__apps_start和__apps_end之间。

因为在bootable/bootloader/lk/include/app.h中有定义

bootable/bootloader/lk/include/app.h  Collapse source
/* app support api */
void  apps_init( void );  /* one time setup */
/* app entry point */
struct  app_descriptor;
typedef  void  (*app_init)( const  struct  app_descriptor *);
typedef  void  (*app_entry)( const  struct  app_descriptor *,  void  *args);
/* app startup flags */
#define APP_FLAG_DONT_START_ON_BOOT 0x1
/* each app needs to define one of these to define its startup conditions */
struct  app_descriptor {
     const  char  *name;
     app_init  init;
     app_entry entry;
     unsigned  int  flags;
};
#define APP_START(appname) struct app_descriptor _app_##appname __SECTION(".apps") = { .name = #appname,
#define APP_END };

 所以这里将会执行在APP_START(appname)中定义的appname函数。在代码里搜索APP_START,会发现在bootable/bootloader/lk/app/aboot/aboot.c中调用APP_START来执行aboot_init函数

2 aboot_init

aboot_init的定义为:

bootable/bootloader/lk/app/aboot/aboot.c  Collapse source
void  aboot_init( const  struct  app_descriptor *app)
{
     unsigned reboot_mode = 0;
     /* Initialise wdog to catch early lk crashes */
#if WDOG_SUPPORT
     msm_wdog_init();
#endif
     /* Setup page size information for nv storage */
     if  (target_is_emmc_boot())
     {
         page_size = mmc_page_size();
         page_mask = page_size - 1;
         mmc_blocksize = mmc_get_device_blocksize();
         mmc_blocksize_mask = mmc_blocksize - 1;
     }
     else
     {
         page_size = flash_page_size();
         page_mask = page_size - 1;
     }
     ASSERT((MEMBASE + MEMSIZE) > MEMBASE);
     read_device_info(&device);
     read_allow_oem_unlock(&device);
     /* Display splash screen if enabled */
#if DISPLAY_SPLASH_SCREEN
#if NO_ALARM_DISPLAY
     if  (!check_alarm_boot()) {
#endif
         dprintf(SPEW,  "Display Init: Start\n" );
#if ENABLE_WBC
         /* Wait if the display shutdown is in progress */
         while (pm_app_display_shutdown_in_prgs());
         if  (!pm_appsbl_display_init_done())
             target_display_init(device.display_panel);
         else
             display_image_on_screen();
#else
         target_display_init(device.display_panel);
#endif
         dprintf(SPEW,  "Display Init: Done\n" );
#if NO_ALARM_DISPLAY
     }
#endif
#endif
     target_serialno((unsigned  char  *) sn_buf);
     dprintf(SPEW, "serial number: %s\n" ,sn_buf);
     sprintf (secureboot_buf,  "%s" , is_secure_boot_enable() ?  "1" : "0" );
     memset (display_panel_buf,  '\0' , MAX_PANEL_BUF_SIZE);
     /*
      * Check power off reason if user force reset,
      * if yes phone will do normal boot.
      */
     if  (is_user_force_reset())
         goto  normal_boot;
     dprintf(CRITICAL, "fastboot: is_unlocked = %d\n" ,device.is_unlocked);
     /* Check if we should do something other than booting up */
     if  (keys_get_state(KEY_VOLUMEUP) && keys_get_state(KEY_VOLUMEDOWN))
     {
         /***************add by xiangchao.zhong for fastboot*********************/
         if (device.is_unlocked == 0){
             dprintf(CRITICAL, "fastboot: because devices has locked, so goto normal boot!\n" );
             goto  normal_boot;
         }
         else {
         /***************add by xiangchao.zhong for fastboot*********************/
             dprintf(ALWAYS, "dload mode key sequence detected\n" );
             reboot_device(EMERGENCY_DLOAD);
             dprintf(CRITICAL, "Failed to reboot into dload mode\n" );
             boot_into_fastboot =  true ;
         }
     }
         if  (!boot_into_fastboot)
         {
             if (target_build_variant_user())
             {
             if  (keys_get_state(KEY_HOME) || keys_get_state(KEY_VOLUMEUP))
                 boot_into_recovery = 1;
             if  (!boot_into_recovery &&
                 (keys_get_state(KEY_BACK) || keys_get_state(KEY_VOLUMEDOWN)))
                 boot_into_fastboot =  true ;
             } else {
             if  (keys_get_state(KEY_VOLUMEUP))
             {
                 snprintf(( char  *)boot_reason_buf, 20,  "%s" "boot_with_factory" );
                 dprintf(SPEW, "boot_reason_buf: %s\n" , boot_reason_buf);
             } else
             if  (keys_get_state(KEY_VOLUMEDOWN))
                 boot_into_fastboot =  true ;
             }
         }
         #if NO_KEYPAD_DRIVER
         if  (fastboot_trigger())
             boot_into_fastboot =  true ;
         #endif
     #if USE_PON_REBOOT_REG
         reboot_mode = check_hard_reboot_mode();
     #else
         reboot_mode = check_reboot_mode();
     #endif
         if  (reboot_mode == RECOVERY_MODE)
         {
             boot_into_recovery = 1;
         }
         else  if (reboot_mode == FASTBOOT_MODE)
         {
             boot_into_fastboot =  true ;
         }
         else  if (reboot_mode == ALARM_BOOT)
         {
             boot_reason_alarm =  true ;
         }
     #if VERIFIED_BOOT
     #if !VBOOT_MOTA
         else  if  (reboot_mode == DM_VERITY_ENFORCING)
         {
             device.verity_mode = 1;
             write_device_info(&device);
         }
         else  if  (reboot_mode == DM_VERITY_LOGGING)
         {
             device.verity_mode = 1;
             write_device_info(&device);
         }
         else  if  (reboot_mode == DM_VERITY_KEYSCLEAR)
         {
             if (send_delete_keys_to_tz())
                 ASSERT(0);
         }
     #endif
     #endif
normal_boot:
     
     if  (!boot_into_fastboot)
     {
         if  (target_is_emmc_boot())
         {
             if (emmc_recovery_init())
                 dprintf(ALWAYS, "error in emmc_recovery_init\n" );
             if (target_use_signed_kernel())
             {
                 if ((device.is_unlocked) || (device.is_tampered))
                 {
                 #ifdef TZ_TAMPER_FUSE
                     set_tamper_fuse_cmd();
                 #endif
                 #if USE_PCOM_SECBOOT
                     set_tamper_flag(device.is_tampered);
                 #endif
                 }
             }
             boot_linux_from_mmc();
         }
         else
         {
             recovery_init();
     #if USE_PCOM_SECBOOT
         if ((device.is_unlocked) || (device.is_tampered))
             set_tamper_flag(device.is_tampered);
     #endif
             boot_linux_from_flash();
         }
         dprintf(CRITICAL,  "ERROR: Could not do normal boot. Reverting "
             "to fastboot mode.\n" );
     }
     /* We are here means regular boot did not happen. Start fastboot. */
     /* register aboot specific fastboot commands */
     aboot_fastboot_register_commands();
     /* dump partition table for debug info */
     partition_dump();
     /* initialize and start fastboot */
     fastboot_init(target_get_scratch_address(), target_get_max_flash_size());
//#if FBCON_DISPLAY_MSG
     //display_fastboot_menu();
     display_fastboot();
//#endif
}

aboot_init中完成的操作主要有:

2.1 根据target_is_emmc_boot()判断是否是从emmc存储设备上启动,然后分别获取对应存储设备的页大小和页掩码

2.2 取得设备的device_info信息,保存到device变量中。device_info结构体定义为:

/bootable/bootloader/lk/app/aboot/devinfo.h  Collapse source
#if VBOOT_MOTA
struct  device_info
{
     unsigned  char  magic[DEVICE_MAGIC_SIZE];
     bool  is_unlocked;
     bool  is_tampered;
     bool  is_verified;
     bool  charger_screen_enabled;
     char  display_panel[MAX_PANEL_ID_LEN];
     char  bootloader_version[MAX_VERSION_LEN];
     char  radio_version[MAX_VERSION_LEN];
     char  sig[SIG_SIZE];
};
#else
struct  device_info
{
     unsigned  char  magic[DEVICE_MAGIC_SIZE];
     bool  is_unlocked;
     bool  is_tampered;
     bool  is_unlock_critical;
     bool  charger_screen_enabled;
     char  display_panel[MAX_PANEL_ID_LEN];
     char  bootloader_version[MAX_VERSION_LEN];
     char  radio_version[MAX_VERSION_LEN];
     bool  verity_mode;  // 1 = enforcing, 0 = logging
     char  sig[SIG_SIZE];
};
#endif

这个结构体中包含的信息有:是否禁用fastboot,是否验证boot.img等。

2.3 调用target_display_init初始化lcd驱动,显示手机开机后的第一副图片。splash一般代表在系统启动阶段显示器用图形而非文本现实。

2.4 调用target_serialno获取emmc或者flash芯片的产品序列号,最后在启动kernel时通过cmdline中的androidboot.serialno参数传给内核。

2.5 调用memset清除屏幕

2.6 判断关机原因,如果是用户强制重启手机,这时在重启后跳转到normal_boot继续执行

2.7 判断音量上下键是否同时按下,之后如果进入下载模式失败,就设置fastboot模式标志boot_into_fastboot = true。

2.8 如果不是通过usb+上下键进入下载模式,判断如果home键和音量上键同时按下,设置recovery模式标志boot_into_recovery = 1, 如果back键和音量下键同时按下,设置fastboot模式标志。

2.9 如果没有按键驱动,设置boot_into_fastboot为true

2.10 根据硬件是否存在pon寄存器,调用check_hard_reboot_mode或者check_reboot_mode获取重启模式reboot_mode,设置相应的开机模式标志。以前使用的是共享内存记录重启模式,最新转为使用pmic的pon寄存器记录重启模式。

如果reboot_mode为RECOVERY_MODE,boot_into_recovery = 1

如果reboot_mode为FASTBOOT_MODE,boot_into_fastboot = 1

如果reboot_mode为ALARM_BOOT,boot_reason_alarm = true,这种情况时如果开启了闹钟并且设置了关机后闹钟有效,在关机后闹钟仍然会启动手机

2.11 在normal_boot:下,首先判断如果不是fastboot模式,然后通过target_is_emmc_boot判断是否从emmc或者ufs启动,

如果从emmc或者ufs启动,先执行emmc_recovery_init,emmc_recovery_init的实现主要在函数_emmc_recovery_init中,_emmc_recovery_init的定义在bootable/bootloader/lk//app/aboot/recovery.c中,主要工作为读取misc分区中的bcb,判断bcb的command域是否为boot-recovery,如果是update-radio还会检查radio的更新状态。 回到aboot_init中用target_use_signed_kernel判断是否使用了签名的kernel,最后执行boot_linux_from_mmc, 在boot_linux_from_mmc中将从emmc/ufs加载boot.img,选择dts,设置cmdline,跳转到kernel

如果从nand flash启动,调用boot_linux_from_flash去启动内核。

2.12 之后的代码是fasboot模式或者正常启动失败的情况下才会执行到的,首先调用aboot_fastboot_register_commands注册fastboot支持的命令,在partition_dump中打印分区表信息, 执行fastboot_init初始化并启动fastboot,在display_fastboot_menu_thread中为fastboot提供了一个简易图形显示。

 


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