URL和HTTPClient与服务器的连接

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-21 16:49:23 发布
最新推荐文章于 2023-02-21 16:49:23 发布
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/huashui16318/article/details/47449493
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服务器

在这里用到了一个Apache来建立一个服务器，并与数据库建立连接，使得客户端可以通过服务器去验证并登录。

package com.lingzhuo.tomcat;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class MyServerlet
 */
@WebServlet("/MyServerlet")
public class MyServerlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public MyServerlet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        String username=request.getParameter("username");
        String password=request.getParameter("password");
        String s="";
        Connection conn=SqlManger.newInstance().getConnection();
        String select="select * from user where name=? and password=?";
        try {
            PreparedStatement prepare=conn.prepareStatement(select);
            prepare.setString(1, username);
            prepare.setString(2, password);
            ResultSet set= prepare.executeQuery();
            set.last();
            int num=set.getRow();
            if(num==1){
                s="登录成功";
            }else{
                s="用户名或密码错误";
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //String name=Encoding.doEncoding(username);
        System.out.println("用户名："+username+"  密码："+password);
        response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/heml;charset=UTF-8");
        response.getWriter().append(username+s);
    }

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        doGet(request, response);
    }

}

package com.lingzhuo.tomcat;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class SqlManger {
    private static SqlManger manger;
    private Connection connection;
    public Connection getConnection() {
        return connection;
    }
    public static synchronized SqlManger newInstance(){
        if(manger==null){
            manger=new SqlManger();
        }
        return manger;
    }
    private SqlManger(){
        String Driver="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
        String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/clazz";
        String user="root";
        String password="1639189";
        try {
            Class.forName(Driver);
            connection=DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

URL

url通过doget方法与服务器建立连接并传输数据

package com.lingzhuo.http;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class UrlConnectionGet extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UrlConnectionGet frame = new UrlConnectionGet();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public UrlConnectionGet() {
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 243, 117);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        JButton btnhttp = new JButton("启动http");
        btnhttp.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
                String urlString="http://localhost:8080/MyServiceTest/MyServerlet?username=zhangsan&password=123456";
                try {
                    //获得url
                    URL url=new URL(urlString);
                    //url与服务器建立连接
                    URLConnection urlConnection=url.openConnection();
                    //将urlConnection强制造型为HttpURLConnection类型
                    HttpURLConnection httpConnection=(HttpURLConnection) urlConnection;
                    //设置请求方法
                    httpConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    //设置连接超时时间
                    httpConnection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
                    //设置读取超时时间
                    httpConnection.setReadTimeout(3000);
                    //设置编码格式和接收数据类型
                    httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
                    //设置可以接收序列化的java对象
                    httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
                    //获取HTTP状态码
                    int code=httpConnection.getResponseCode();
                    System.out.println("HTTP状态码："+code);
                    if(code==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
                        InputStream is=httpConnection.getInputStream();
                        BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                        String str=br.readLine();
                        while(str!=null){
                            System.out.println(str);
                            str=br.readLine();
                        }
                    }
                } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch(ConnectException e){
                    System.out.println("连接超时");
                }catch(SocketTimeoutException e){
                    System.out.println("读取时间超时");
                }catch (IOException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        btnhttp.setBounds(64, 29, 93, 23);
        contentPane.add(btnhttp);
    }
}

url通过dopost方法与服务器建立连接并传输数据

package com.lingzhuo.http;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class UrlConnectionPost extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UrlConnectionPost frame = new UrlConnectionPost();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public UrlConnectionPost() {
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 236, 103);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        JButton btnurl = new JButton("启动URL客户端");
        btnurl.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
                String urlString="http://localhost:8080/MyServiceTest/MyServerlet";
                try {
                    URL url=new URL(urlString);
                    HttpURLConnection httpConnection=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

                    //设置连接超时时间
                    httpConnection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
                    //设置读取超时时间
                    httpConnection.setReadTimeout(3000);
                    //设置编码格式和接收数据类型
                    httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
                    //设置可以接收序列化的java对象
                    httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
                    //设置请求方法
                    httpConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
                    //httpConnection.setDoInput(true);
                    //
                    httpConnection.setDoOutput(true);
                    //post不允许使用缓存
                    httpConnection.setUseCaches(false);
                    String info="username=zhangsan&password=123";
                    httpConnection.getOutputStream().write(info.getBytes());
                    //获取HTTP状态码
                    int code=httpConnection.getResponseCode();
                    System.out.println("HTTP状态码："+code);
                    if(code==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
                        InputStream is=httpConnection.getInputStream();
                        BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                        String str=br.readLine();
                        while(str!=null){
                            System.out.println(str);
                            str=br.readLine();
                        }
                    }
                } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }catch(ConnectException e){
                    System.out.println("连接超时");
                }catch(SocketTimeoutException e){
                    System.out.println("读取时间超时");
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        });
        btnurl.setBounds(27, 21, 157, 23);
        contentPane.add(btnurl);
    }

}

HTTPClient

HttpClient通过doget方法与服务器建立连接并传输数据

package com.lingzhuo.http;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.StatusLine;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class HttpClientGet extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    HttpClientGet frame = new HttpClientGet();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public HttpClientGet() {
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 299, 160);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("HttpClient启动");
        btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
                String url="http://localhost:8080/MyServiceTest/MyServerlet?username=zhangsan&password=123";
                //生成client的builder
                HttpClientBuilder builder=HttpClientBuilder.create();
                //连接超时时间
                builder.setConnectionTimeToLive(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                //生成client
                HttpClient client=builder.build();
                //设置get方法
                HttpGet get=new HttpGet(url);
                //设置服务器接收数据后的读取方式为utf-8
                get.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
                try {
                    //执行get方法后得到服务器返回的所有数据都在response中
                    HttpResponse response=client.execute(get);
                    //httpclient访问服务器返回的表头，包含http状态码
                    StatusLine status=response.getStatusLine();
                    int code=status.getStatusCode();
                    if(code==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
                        //得到数据的实体
                        HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
                        InputStream is=entity.getContent();
                        BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                        String str=br.readLine();
                        while(str!=null){
                            System.out.println(str);
                            str=br.readLine();
                        }
                    }
                } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        });
        btnNewButton.setBounds(34, 44, 192, 32);
        contentPane.add(btnNewButton);
    }
}

HttpClient通过dopost方法与服务器建立连接并传输数据

package com.lingzhuo.http;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.StatusLine;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

public class HttpClientPost extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    HttpClientPost frame = new HttpClientPost();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public HttpClientPost() {
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 320, 160);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        JButton btnHttpclientpost = new JButton("HttpClientPost启动");
        btnHttpclientpost.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
                String url="http://localhost:8080/MyServiceTest/MyServerlet";
                HttpClientBuilder builder=HttpClientBuilder.create();
                HttpClient client=builder.build();
                builder.setConnectionTimeToLive(3000,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                //设置post方法
                HttpPost post=new HttpPost(url);
                //对提交到服务器的信息进行封装
                NameValuePair pair1=new BasicNameValuePair("username", "zhangsan");
                NameValuePair pair2=new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123");
                ArrayList<NameValuePair> pair=new ArrayList<>();
                pair.add(pair1);
                pair.add(pair2);
                try {
                    //把封装好的信息以utf-8的方式发送
                    post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pair,"utf-8"));
                    post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
                    //执行post方法，response中为服务器返回的信息
                    HttpResponse response=client.execute(post);
                    StatusLine status=response.getStatusLine();
                    int code =status.getStatusCode();
                    if(code==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK){
                        HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
                        InputStream is=entity.getContent();
                        BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                        String str=br.readLine();
                        while(str!=null){
                            System.out.println(str);
                            str=br.readLine();
                        }
                    }
                } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        btnHttpclientpost.setBounds(58, 39, 184, 34);
        contentPane.add(btnHttpclientpost);
    }

}
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区别 1、HttpURLConnection是java的标准类，没有做封装，用起来比较原始 2、HttpClient是开源框架，封装了访问HTTP的请求头、参数、内容体、响应等；HttpURLConnection中的输入输出流操作，在这个接口中被统一封装成了HttpPost（HttpGet）和HttpResponse。这样，减少了操作的繁琐性。 下面分别给出HttpURLConnection
HttpClient教程：基础与连接管理
"HttpClient教程，由OlegKalnichevski编写，涵盖了HttpClient的基本概念、请求执行、连接管理、异常处理等内容，旨在帮助用户理解和使用HttpClient进行HTTP通信。" HttpClient是Java编程环境中一个强大的库，用于...
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