Android中的Fragment

碎片（Fragment）是一种可以嵌入到活动当中的UI片段，它能让程序更加合理和充分的利用大屏幕的空间。

碎片的简单用法

首先写一个最简单的XML布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/fragment_button"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="fragment的测试按钮" />
</LinearLayout>

接下来，新建一个Fragment类，继承自supportV4 的Fragment

package com.example.administrator.myfragment.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;

import com.example.administrator.myfragment.R;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2015/9/6.
 */
public class MyFirstFragment extends Fragment {
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_fragment1,null);
        Button mButton= (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.fragment_button);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "您点击了这个测试按钮", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        return view;
    }
}

然后在activity_main中使用标签在布局中添加碎片

<fragment
        class="com.example.administrator.myfragment.fragment.MyFirstFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"></fragment>

动态添加碎片

在这里，设置三个按钮，通过按钮的点击事件来加入不同的碎片。在activity_main中进行三个按钮的布局，并加入一个FrameLayout布局，用来放置将来加载的碎片

<FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/fragment_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    </FrameLayout>
    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/fragment_linearlayout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:orientation="horizontal">
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button1"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="button1"/>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button2"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="button2"/>
        <Button
            android:id="@+id/button3"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="button3"/>
    </LinearLayout>

然后，新建两个继承自Fragment的类，总共有三个类

public class MyFirstFragment extends Fragment {
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_fragment1,null);
        Button mButton= (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.fragment_button);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Toast.makeText(getActivity(), "您点击了这个测试按钮", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
        return view;
    }
}

public class MySecondFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_fragment2,null);

}

public class MyThirdFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_fragment3,null);

}

在MainActivity中修改代码实现三个按钮的点击事件，通过按钮的点击事件来加载碎片

package com.example.administrator.myfragment;

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;

import com.example.administrator.myfragment.fragment.MyFirstFragment;
import com.example.administrator.myfragment.fragment.MySecondFragment;
import com.example.administrator.myfragment.fragment.MyThirdFragment;

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private LinearLayout mLinearLayout;
    private Button mButton1;
    private Button mButton2;
    private Button mButton3;
    private MyFirstFragment mMyFirstFragment;
    private MySecondFragment mMySecondFragment;
    private MyThirdFragment mMyThirdFragment;
    private FragmentManager mFragmentManager;
    private FragmentTransaction mFragmentTransaction;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mLinearLayout= (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.fragment_linearlayout);
        mButton1= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        mButton2= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button2);
        mButton3= (Button) findViewById(R.id.button3);
        mButton1.setOnClickListener(this);
        mButton2.setOnClickListener(this);
        mButton3.setOnClickListener(this);
        mFragmentManager=getSupportFragmentManager();
        mMyFirstFragment=new MyFirstFragment();
        mMySecondFragment=new MySecondFragment();
        mMyThirdFragment =new MyThirdFragment();
        mFragmentTransaction=mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
        mFragmentTransaction.add(R.id.fragment_container, mMyFirstFragment);
        mFragmentTransaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,mMySecondFragment);
        mFragmentTransaction.add(R.id.fragment_container,mMyThirdFragment);
        mFragmentTransaction.hide(mMySecondFragment);
        mFragmentTransaction.hide(mMyThirdFragment);
        mFragmentTransaction.commit();
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.button1:
                mFragmentTransaction=mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
                mFragmentTransaction.hide(mMySecondFragment);
                mFragmentTransaction.hide(mMyThirdFragment);
                mFragmentTransaction.show(mMyFirstFragment);
                //mFragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container,new MyFirstFragment());
                mFragmentTransaction.commit();
                break;
            case R.id.button2:
                mFragmentTransaction=mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
                String text=mMyThirdFragment.getText();
                mMySecondFragment.setText(text);
                mFragmentTransaction.hide(mMyFirstFragment);
                mFragmentTransaction.hide(mMyThirdFragment);
                mFragmentTransaction.show(mMySecondFragment);
                //mFragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container,new MySecondFragment());
                mFragmentTransaction.commit();
                break;
            case R.id.button3:
                mFragmentTransaction=mFragmentManager.beginTransaction();
                mFragmentTransaction.hide(mMySecondFragment);
                mFragmentTransaction.hide(mMyFirstFragment);
                mFragmentTransaction.show(mMyThirdFragment);
                //mFragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container,new MyThirdFragment());
                mFragmentTransaction.commit();
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

这里用的方法比较繁琐，是因为为了是实现碎片之间的通信而修改之后的代码，每个监听时间里可以通过使用mFragmentTransaction的replace方法来实现其功能。