boost 数据结构

#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp> 
#include <boost/tuple/tuple_io.hpp>

#include <boost/tuple/tuple_comparison.hpp>

	//tuple(元组),他和std::pair类似,只是他不仅仅存储一对数据,可以存储无限多个数据
	//tuple使其支持流的输出,需要包含 #include <boost/tuple/tuple_io.hpp>
	typedef boost::tuple<std::string,std::string,int> person;
	std::stringstream strstream;
	person per("hello","hi",32);
	strstream << per;
	TRACE("%s\n",strstream.str().c_str());//(hello hi 32)

	//boost::make_tuple
	{
		person per=boost::make_tuple("hello","hi",32);
		strstream.str("");//stringstream 清除缓冲区 只能使用strstream.str("");如果使用strstream.clear(),strstream.str().clear() 也是么有效果的
		strstream<<per;
		TRACE("%s\n",strstream.str().c_str());
		string szName="name";
		//引用值传递
		person per2=boost::make_tuple(boost::ref(szName),"hi",32);
		strstream.str("");strstream<<per2;
		TRACE("%s\n",strstream.str().c_str());
	}
	//如何访问tuple的元素
	{
		person per=boost::make_tuple("hello","hi",32);
		strstream.str("");
		strstream<<	per.get<0>();
		TRACE("%s\n",strstream.str().c_str());//hello
		//第二种访问方式
		strstream.str("");
		strstream<< boost::get<2>(per);
		TRACE("%s\n",strstream.str().c_str());//32
		//get() 和 boost::get() 都会返回一个引用值,所以我们可以对其进行修改值
		boost::get<2>(per)=33;
		strstream.str("");
		strstream<<boost::get<2>(per);
		TRACE("%s\n",strstream.str().c_str());//33
	}
	//比较操作,需要包含 boost/tuple/tuple_comparison.hpp
	{
		person p1 = boost::make_tuple("AA", "BB", 43); 
		person p2 = boost::make_tuple("AA", "BB", 43); 
		TRACE("%d\n",p1 != p2);
	}
	//boost::tie 使用,比较特殊,他可以引用变量,变量一旦修改他也修改了
	{
		//这里定义的记得使用引用类型
		typedef boost::tuple<std::string&, std::string&, int&> person2; 
		std::string firstname = "AA"; 
		std::string secondname = "BB"; 
		int shoesize = 43; 
		//person p = boost::make_tuple(boost::ref(firstname), boost::ref(surname), boost::ref(shoesize)); //如果不使用boost::tie可以使用原生的替换
		person2 p = boost::tie(firstname, secondname, shoesize); 
		firstname="DD";
		secondname = "CC"; 
		shoesize=44;
		strstream.str("") ;strstream.clear();
		strstream << p;
		TRACE("%s\n",strstream.str().c_str());//(DD CC 44)
	}
	{
		string szData;int nData;
		boost::tie(szData,nData)=func();
		TRACE("%s,%d\n",szData.c_str(),nData);//Test test,1024
	}

1.boost::variant

	boost::variant<double,char,std::string> v;
	v=3.14;
	v='a';
	v="jks";//最后压入了string
	double v1=boost::get<double>(v);//这里会抛出一个异常,boost::variant 以最后一个为准
	char v2=boost::get<char>(v);
	string v3=boost::get<string>(v);

	boost::variant<double,char,std::string> v;
	v=3.14;
	v='a';
	v="jks";//最后压入了string
	string v3=boost::get<string>(v);//提取正确

	boost::variant<double,char,std::string> v;
	//正确运行如下
	v=3.14;
	double v1=boost::get<double>(v);
	v='a';
	char v2=boost::get<char>(v);
	v="jks";
	string v3=boost::get<string>(v);

	boost::variant<double,char,std::string> v;
	v=3.14;
	v='a';
	v="jks";//最后压入了string
	try
	{
		double v1=boost::get<double>(v);//抛出异常
	}
	catch (std::exception& e)
	{
		TRACE("%s",e.what());
	}

2.boost::apply_visitor

std::vector<boost::any> vcData; 

struct output : public boost::static_visitor<> 
{ 
	void operator()(double &d) const 
	{ 
		vcData.push_back(d); 
	} 

	void operator()(char &c) const 
	{ 
		vcData.push_back(c); 
	} 

	void operator()(std::string &s) const 
	{ 
		vcData.push_back(s); 
	} 
}; 

void CMFC08Dlg::OnBnClickedButton2()
{
	boost::variant<double, char, std::string> v; 
	v = 3.14; 
	boost::apply_visitor(output(), v); 
	v = 'A'; 
	boost::apply_visitor(output(), v); 
	v = "Hello, world!"; 
	boost::apply_visitor(output(), v); 
}
/*
template <typename Visitor, typename Visitable>
inline
    BOOST_VARIANT_AUX_GENERIC_RESULT_TYPE(typename Visitor::result_type) //这里是返回一个 Visitor::result_type
apply_visitor(const Visitor& visitor, Visitable& visitable)
{
    return visitable.apply_visitor(visitor);
}
上面是apply_visitor的函数定义,传递的两个参数都是一个模板的参数,
Visitor& visitor(访问者类)
Visitable& visitable(支持访问者的类)
所以从上面看出
我们调用 apply_visitor,满足如下条件即可:
1.Visitor& visitor(访问者类),定义了 Visitor::result_type 即可
	1.static_visitor 源码
		namespace detail {

			struct is_static_visitor_tag { };

			typedef void static_visitor_default_return;//1.重新定义了 void 指向为 static_visitor_default_return

		} // namespace detail
		
		template <typename R = ::boost::detail::static_visitor_default_return> //2.默认的类型是void,所以直接static_visitor<>表示用void类型
		class static_visitor
			: public detail::is_static_visitor_tag
		{
		public: // typedefs

			typedef R result_type;//3.将传递进来的类型定义为 result_type

		protected: // for use as base class only
		#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_DEFAULTED_FUNCTIONS) && !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_NON_PUBLIC_DEFAULTED_FUNCTIONS)
			static_visitor() = default;
			~static_visitor() = default;
		#else
			static_visitor()  BOOST_NOEXCEPT { }
			~static_visitor()  BOOST_NOEXCEPT { }
		#endif
		};
2.Visitable& visitable(支持访问者的类),实现成员函数apply_visitor即可
*/

struct output //: public boost::static_visitor<> 
{ 
	typedef void result_type;//所以实现方法二
	void operator()(double &d) const 
	{ 
		vcData.push_back(d); 
	} 

	void operator()(char &c) const 
	{ 
		vcData.push_back(c); 
	} 

	void operator()(std::string &s) const 
	{ 
		vcData.push_back(s); 
	} 
};