scikit-learn：4.2. Feature extraction（特征提取，不是特征选择）

http://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/feature_extraction.html

带病在网吧里。。。。。。写，求支持。。。

1、首先澄清两个概念：特征提取和特征选择（ 

Feature extraction is very different from Feature selection

）。

the former consists in transforming arbitrary data, such as text or images, into numerical features usable for machine learning. The latter is a machine learning technique applied on these features（从已经提取的特征中选择更好的特征）.

下面分为四大部分来讲，主要还是4、text feature extraction

2、loading features form dicts

class DictVectorizer。举个例子就好：

>>> measurements = [
...     {
  'city': 'Dubai', 'temperature': 33.},
...     {
  'city': 'London', 'temperature': 12.},
...     {
  'city': 'San Fransisco', 'temperature': 18.},
... ]
>>> from sklearn.feature_extraction import DictVectorizer
>>> vec = DictVectorizer()
>>> vec.fit_transform(measurements).toarray()
array([[  1.,   0.,   0.,  33.],
       [  0.,   1.,   0.,  12.],
       [  0.,   0.,   1.,  18.]])
>>> vec.get_feature_names()
['city=Dubai', 'city=London', 'city=San Fransisco', 'temperature']

class