4.2 BnServiceManager<servicemanager进程>
上面说了,defaultServiceManager返回的是一个BpServiceManager,通过它可以把命令请求发送到binder设备,而且handle的值为0。那么,系统的另外一端肯定有个接收命令的,那又是谁呢?
很可惜啊,BnServiceManager不存在,但确实有一个程序完成了BnServiceManager的工作,那就是/system/bin/servicemanager进程.虽然service_manager没有从BnServiceManager中派生,但是它肯定完成了BnServiceManager的功能。
//service_manager.c
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
struct binder_state *bs;
void *svcmgr = BINDER_SERVICE_MANAGER;
bs = binder_open(128*1024);
if (binder_become_context_manager(bs)) {
LOGE("cannot become context manager (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
svcmgr_handle = svcmgr;
binder_loop(bs, svcmgr_handler);
return 0;
}
void binder_loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func)
{
int res;
struct binder_write_read bwr;
unsigned readbuf[32];
bwr.write_size = 0;
bwr.write_consumed = 0;
bwr.write_buffer = 0;
readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;
binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(unsigned));
for (;;) {
bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);
bwr.read_consumed = 0;
bwr.read_buffer = (unsigned) readbuf;
res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);
if (res < 0) {
LOGE("binder_loop: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));
break;
}
res = binder_parse(bs, 0, readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);
if (res == 0) {
LOGE("binder_loop: unexpected reply?!\n");
break;
}
if (res < 0) {
LOGE("binder_loop: io error %d %s\n", res, strerror(errno));
break;
}
}
}
int svcmgr_handler(struct binder_state *bs,
struct binder_txn *txn,
struct binder_io *msg,
struct binder_io *reply)
{
struct svcinfo *si;
uint16_t *s;
unsigned len;
void *ptr;
// LOGI("target=%p code=%d pid=%d uid=%d\n",
// txn->target, txn->code, txn->sender_pid, txn->sender_euid);
if (txn->target != svcmgr_handle)
return -1;
s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);
if ((len != (sizeof(svcmgr_id) / 2)) ||
memcmp(svcmgr_id, s, sizeof(svcmgr_id))) {
fprintf(stderr,"invalid id %s\n", str8(s));
return -1;
}
switch(txn->code) {
case SVC_MGR_GET_SERVICE:
case SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE:
s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);
ptr = do_find_service(bs, s, len);
if (!ptr)
break;
bio_put_ref(reply, ptr);
return 0;
case SVC_MGR_ADD_SERVICE:
s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);
ptr = bio_get_ref(msg);
if (do_add_service(bs, s, len, ptr, txn->sender_euid)) //add a service to svclist
return -1;
break;
case SVC_MGR_LIST_SERVICES: {
unsigned n = bio_get_uint32(msg);
si = svclist;
while ((n-- > 0) && si)
si = si->next;
if (si) {
bio_put_string16(reply, si->name);
return 0;
}
return -1;
}
default:
LOGE("unknown code %d\n", txn->code);
return -1;
}
bio_put_uint32(reply, 0);
return 0;
}
5. MediaPlayerService等待请求
/system/bin/mediaserver在ProcessState::Self()中打开了binder,其looper又在哪儿呢?
//main_mediaserver.cpp
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
sp<ProcessState> proc(ProcessState::self());
sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
LOGI("ServiceManager: %p", sm.get());
AudioFlinger::instantiate();
MediaPlayerService::instantiate();
CameraService::instantiate();
AudioPolicyService::instantiate();
ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
}
5.1 startThreadPool
void ProcessState::startThreadPool()
{
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
if (!mThreadPoolStarted) {
mThreadPoolStarted = true;
spawnPooledThread(true);
}
}
void ProcessState::spawnPooledThread(bool isMain)
{
if (mThreadPoolStarted) {
int32_t s = android_atomic_add(1, &mThreadPoolSeq);
char buf[32];
sprintf(buf, "Binder Thread #%d", s);
LOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s\n", buf);
//创建线程池,然后run起来,和java的Thread何其像也。
sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);
t->run(buf);
}
}
class PoolThread : public Thread
{
public:
PoolThread(bool isMain)
: mIsMain(isMain)
{
}
protected:
virtual bool threadLoop()
{
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(mIsMain);
return false;
}
const bool mIsMain;
};
//还没有创建线程
status_t Thread::run(const char* name, int32_t priority, size_t stack)
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
if (mRunning) {
// thread already started
return INVALID_OPERATION;
}
// reset status and exitPending to their default value, so we can
// try again after an error happened (either below, or in readyToRun())
mStatus = NO_ERROR;
mExitPending = false;
mThread = thread_id_t(-1);
// hold a strong reference on ourself
mHoldSelf = this;
mRunning = true;
bool res;
if (mCanCallJava) {
//name为android:unnamed_thread
res = createThreadEtc(_threadLoop,
this, name, priority, stack, &mThread);
} else {
res = androidCreateRawThreadEtc(_threadLoop,
this, name, priority, stack, &mThread);
}
if (res == false) {
mStatus = UNKNOWN_ERROR; // something happened!
mRunning = false;
mThread = thread_id_t(-1);
mHoldSelf.clear(); // "this" may have gone away after this.
return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
}
// Do not refer to mStatus here: The thread is already running (may, in fact
// already have exited with a valid mStatus result). The NO_ERROR indication
// here merely indicates successfully starting the thread and does not
// imply successful termination/execution.
return NO_ERROR;
}
int androidCreateRawThreadEtc(android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
void *userData,
const char* threadName,
int32_t threadPriority,
size_t threadStackSize,
android_thread_id_t *threadId)
{
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
#ifdef HAVE_ANDROID_OS /* valgrind is rejecting RT-priority create reqs */
if (threadPriority != PRIORITY_DEFAULT || threadName != NULL) {
// We could avoid the trampoline if there was a way to get to the
// android_thread_id_t (pid) from pthread_t
thread_data_t* t = new thread_data_t;
t->priority = threadPriority;
t->threadName = threadName ? strdup(threadName) : NULL;
t->entryFunction = entryFunction;
t->userData = userData;
entryFunction = (android_thread_func_t)&thread_data_t::trampoline;
userData = t;
}
#endif
if (threadStackSize) {
pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, threadStackSize);
}
errno = 0;
pthread_t thread;
//终于看到了熟悉的线程创建,入口函数为:_threadLoop
int result = pthread_create(&thread, &attr,
(android_pthread_entry)entryFunction, userData);
if (result != 0) {
LOGE("androidCreateRawThreadEtc failed (entry=%p, res=%d, errno=%d)\n"
"(android threadPriority=%d)",
entryFunction, result, errno, threadPriority);
return 0;
}
if (threadId != NULL) {
*threadId = (android_thread_id_t)thread; // XXX: this is not portable
}
return 1;
}
新开的线程的入口函数为:_threadLoop
int Thread::_threadLoop(void* user)
{
Thread* const self = static_cast<Thread*>(user);
sp<Thread> strong(self->mHoldSelf);
wp<Thread> weak(strong);
self->mHoldSelf.clear();
#if HAVE_ANDROID_OS
// this is very useful for debugging with gdb
self->mTid = gettid();
#endif
bool first = true;
do {
bool result;
if (first) {
first = false;
self->mStatus = self->readyToRun();
result = (self->mStatus == NO_ERROR);
if (result && !self->mExitPending) {
// Binder threads (and maybe others) rely on threadLoop
// running at least once after a successful ::readyToRun()
// (unless, of course, the thread has already been asked to exit
// at that point).
// This is because threads are essentially used like this:
// (new ThreadSubclass())->run();
// The caller therefore does not retain a strong reference to
// the thread and the thread would simply disappear after the
// successful ::readyToRun() call instead of entering the
// threadLoop at least once.
result = self->threadLoop(); //调用自己的threadLoop
}
} else {
result = self->threadLoop();
}
if (result == false || self->mExitPending) {
self->mExitPending = true;
self->mLock.lock();
self->mRunning = false;
self->mThreadExitedCondition.broadcast();
self->mLock.unlock();
break;
}
// Release our strong reference, to let a chance to the thread
// to die a peaceful death.
strong.clear();
// And immediately, re-acquire a strong reference for the next loop
strong = weak.promote();
} while(strong != 0);
return 0;
}
PoolThread::threadLoop
class PoolThread : public Thread
{
public:
PoolThread(bool isMain)
: mIsMain(isMain)
{
}
protected:
virtual bool threadLoop()
{ mIsMain为true。 而且注意,这是一个新的线程,所以必然会创建一个新的IPCThreadState对象(记得线程本地存储吗?TLS)
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(mIsMain);
return false;
}
const bool mIsMain;
};
主线程和工作线程都调用了joinThreadPool
void IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool(bool isMain)
{
LOG_THREADPOOL("**** THREAD %p (PID %d) IS JOINING THE THREAD POOL\n", (void*)pthread_self(), getpid());
mOut.writeInt32(isMain ? BC_ENTER_LOOPER : BC_REGISTER_LOOPER);
// This thread may have been spawned by a thread that was in the background
// scheduling group, so first we will make sure it is in the default/foreground
// one to avoid performing an initial transaction in the background.
androidSetThreadSchedulingGroup(mMyThreadId, ANDROID_TGROUP_DEFAULT);
status_t result;
do {
int32_t cmd;
// When we've cleared the incoming command queue, process any pending derefs
if (mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize()) {
size_t numPending = mPendingWeakDerefs.size();
if (numPending > 0) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < numPending; i++) {
RefBase::weakref_type* refs = mPendingWeakDerefs[i];
refs->decWeak(mProcess.get());
}
mPendingWeakDerefs.clear();
}
numPending = mPendingStrongDerefs.size();
if (numPending > 0) {
for (size_t i = 0; i < numPending; i++) {
BBinder* obj = mPendingStrongDerefs[i];
obj->decStrong(mProcess.get());
}
mPendingStrongDerefs.clear();
}
}
// now get the next command to be processed, waiting if necessary
result = talkWithDriver();
if (result >= NO_ERROR) {
size_t IN = mIn.dataAvail();
if (IN < sizeof(int32_t)) continue;
cmd = mIn.readInt32();
IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {
alog << "Processing top-level Command: "
<< getReturnString(cmd) << endl;
}
result = executeCommand(cmd);
}
// After executing the command, ensure that the thread is returned to the
// default cgroup before rejoining the pool. The driver takes care of
// restoring the priority, but doesn't do anything with cgroups so we
// need to take care of that here in userspace. Note that we do make
// sure to go in the foreground after executing a transaction, but
// there are other callbacks into user code that could have changed
// our group so we want to make absolutely sure it is put back.
androidSetThreadSchedulingGroup(mMyThreadId, ANDROID_TGROUP_DEFAULT);
// Let this thread exit the thread pool if it is no longer
// needed and it is not the main process thread.
if(result == TIMED_OUT && !isMain) {
break;
}
} while (result != -ECONNREFUSED && result != -EBADF);
LOG_THREADPOOL("**** THREAD %p (PID %d) IS LEAVING THE THREAD POOL err=%p\n",
(void*)pthread_self(), getpid(), (void*)result);
mOut.writeInt32(BC_EXIT_LOOPER);
talkWithDriver(false);
}
有loop了,但是有两个线程都执行了这个啊!这里有两个消息循环?
看看executeCommand
status_t IPCThreadState::executeCommand(int32_t cmd)
{
BBinder* obj;
RefBase::weakref_type* refs;
status_t result = NO_ERROR;
switch (cmd) {
case BR_ERROR:
result = mIn.readInt32();
break;
case BR_OK:
break;
case BR_ACQUIRE:
refs = (RefBase::weakref_type*)mIn.readInt32();
obj = (BBinder*)mIn.readInt32();
LOG_ASSERT(refs->refBase() == obj,
"BR_ACQUIRE: object %p does not match cookie %p (expected %p)",
refs, obj, refs->refBase());
obj->incStrong(mProcess.get());
IF_LOG_REMOTEREFS() {
LOG_REMOTEREFS("BR_ACQUIRE from driver on %p", obj);
obj->printRefs();
}
mOut.writeInt32(BC_ACQUIRE_DONE);
mOut.writeInt32((int32_t)refs);
mOut.writeInt32((int32_t)obj);
break;
case BR_RELEASE:
refs = (RefBase::weakref_type*)mIn.readInt32();
obj = (BBinder*)mIn.readInt32();
LOG_ASSERT(refs->refBase() == obj,
"BR_RELEASE: object %p does not match cookie %p (expected %p)",
refs, obj, refs->refBase());
IF_LOG_REMOTEREFS() {
LOG_REMOTEREFS("BR_RELEASE from driver on %p", obj);
obj->printRefs();
}
mPendingStrongDerefs.push(obj);
break;
case BR_INCREFS:
refs = (RefBase::weakref_type*)mIn.readInt32();
obj = (BBinder*)mIn.readInt32();
refs->incWeak(mProcess.get());
mOut.writeInt32(BC_INCREFS_DONE);
mOut.writeInt32((int32_t)refs);
mOut.writeInt32((int32_t)obj);
break;
case BR_DECREFS:
refs = (RefBase::weakref_type*)mIn.readInt32();
obj = (BBinder*)mIn.readInt32();
// NOTE: This assertion is not valid, because the object may no
// longer exist (thus the (BBinder*)cast above resulting in a different
// memory address).
//LOG_ASSERT(refs->refBase() == obj,
// "BR_DECREFS: object %p does not match cookie %p (expected %p)",
// refs, obj, refs->refBase());
mPendingWeakDerefs.push(refs);
break;
case BR_ATTEMPT_ACQUIRE:
refs = (RefBase::weakref_type*)mIn.readInt32();
obj = (BBinder*)mIn.readInt32();
{
const bool success = refs->attemptIncStrong(mProcess.get());
LOG_ASSERT(success && refs->refBase() == obj,
"BR_ATTEMPT_ACQUIRE: object %p does not match cookie %p (expected %p)",
refs, obj, refs->refBase());
mOut.writeInt32(BC_ACQUIRE_RESULT);
mOut.writeInt32((int32_t)success);
}
break;
case BR_TRANSACTION:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
result = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
LOG_ASSERT(result == NO_ERROR,
"Not enough command data for brTRANSACTION");
if (result != NO_ERROR) break;
Parcel buffer;
buffer.ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), freeBuffer, this);
const pid_t origPid = mCallingPid;
const uid_t origUid = mCallingUid;
mCallingPid = tr.sender_pid;
mCallingUid = tr.sender_euid;
int curPrio = getpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, mMyThreadId);
if (gDisableBackgroundScheduling) {
if (curPrio > ANDROID_PRIORITY_NORMAL) {
// We have inherited a reduced priority from the caller, but do not
// want to run in that state in this process. The driver set our
// priority already (though not our scheduling class), so bounce
// it back to the default before invoking the transaction.
setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, mMyThreadId, ANDROID_PRIORITY_NORMAL);
}
} else {
if (curPrio >= ANDROID_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND) {
// We want to use the inherited priority from the caller.
// Ensure this thread is in the background scheduling class,
// since the driver won't modify scheduling classes for us.
// The scheduling group is reset to default by the caller
// once this method returns after the transaction is complete.
androidSetThreadSchedulingGroup(mMyThreadId,
ANDROID_TGROUP_BG_NONINTERACT);
}
}
//LOGI(">>>> TRANSACT from pid %d uid %d\n", mCallingPid, mCallingUid);
Parcel reply;
IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "BR_TRANSACTION thr " << (void*)pthread_self()
<< " / obj " << tr.target.ptr << " / code "
<< TypeCode(tr.code) << ": " << indent << buffer
<< dedent << endl
<< "Data addr = "
<< reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer)
<< ", offsets addr="
<< reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets) << endl;
}
if (tr.target.ptr) {
sp<BBinder> b((BBinder*)tr.cookie); //这里用的是BBinder。
const status_t error = b->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, 0);
if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error);
} else {
const status_t error = the_context_object->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, 0);
if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error);
}
//LOGI("<<<< TRANSACT from pid %d restore pid %d uid %d\n",
// mCallingPid, origPid, origUid);
if ((tr.flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0) {
LOG_ONEWAY("Sending reply to %d!", mCallingPid);
sendReply(reply, 0);
} else {
LOG_ONEWAY("NOT sending reply to %d!", mCallingPid);
}
mCallingPid = origPid;
mCallingUid = origUid;
IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {
TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);
alog << "BC_REPLY thr " << (void*)pthread_self() << " / obj "
<< tr.target.ptr << ": " << indent << reply << dedent << endl;
}
}
break;
case BR_DEAD_BINDER:
{
BpBinder *proxy = (BpBinder*)mIn.readInt32();
proxy->sendObituary();
mOut.writeInt32(BC_DEAD_BINDER_DONE);
mOut.writeInt32((int32_t)proxy);
} break;
case BR_CLEAR_DEATH_NOTIFICATION_DONE:
{
BpBinder *proxy = (BpBinder*)mIn.readInt32();
proxy->getWeakRefs()->decWeak(proxy);
} break;
case BR_FINISHED:
result = TIMED_OUT;
break;
case BR_NOOP:
break;
case BR_SPAWN_LOOPER:
mProcess->spawnPooledThread(false);
break;
default:
printf("*** BAD COMMAND %d received from Binder driver\n", cmd);
result = UNKNOWN_ERROR;
break;
}
if (result != NO_ERROR) {
mLastError = result;
}
return result;
}
BBinder的transact函数如下:
status_t BBinder::transact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
data.setDataPosition(0);
status_t err = NO_ERROR;
switch (code) {
case PING_TRANSACTION:
reply->writeInt32(pingBinder());
break;
default:
err = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); //调用自己的onTransact,实际调用BnMediaPlayerService::onTransact
break;
}
if (reply != NULL) {
reply->setDataPosition(0);
}
return err;
}
BnMediaPlayerService从BBinder派生,所以会调用到它的onTransact函数,终于水落石出了,让我们看看BnMediaPlayerServcice的onTransact函数。
status_t BnMediaPlayerService::onTransact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{
// BnMediaPlayerService从BBinder和IMediaPlayerService派生
// 所有IMediaPlayerService提供的函数都通过命令类型来区分
switch(code) {
case CREATE_URL: {
CHECK_INTERFACE(IMediaPlayerService, data, reply);
pid_t pid = data.readInt32();
sp<IMediaPlayerClient> client =
interface_cast<IMediaPlayerClient>(data.readStrongBinder());
const char* url = data.readCString();
KeyedVector<String8, String8> headers;
int32_t numHeaders = data.readInt32();
for (int i = 0; i < numHeaders; ++i) {
String8 key = data.readString8();
String8 value = data.readString8();
headers.add(key, value);
}
//create是一个虚函数,由MediaPlayerService来实现,见MediaPlayerService::create
//MediaPlayerService.cpp
sp<IMediaPlayer> player = create(
pid, client, url, numHeaders > 0 ? &headers : NULL);
reply->writeStrongBinder(player->asBinder());
return NO_ERROR;
} break;
...
}
}
其实,到这里,我们就明白了。BnXXX的onTransact函数收取命令,然后派发到派生类XXX的对应函数,由他们完成实际的工作。
说明:
这里有点特殊,startThreadPool和joinThreadPool完后确实有两个线程,主线程和工作线程,而且都在做消息循环。为什么要这么做呢?他们参数isMain都是true。不知道google搞什么。难道是怕一个线程工作量太多,所以搞两个线程来工作?这种解释应该也是合理的。
网上有人测试过把最后一句屏蔽掉,也能正常工作。但是难道主线程退出了,程序还能不退出吗?这个...管它的,反正知道有两个线程在那处理就行了。