Dicom学习之一：大尾和小尾LittleEndian/BigEndian

是否进行交换的条件：是本地的编码方式是否和dicom文件的编码方式不同，如是，就需要进行交换。

交换的原则：

        按照格式化入dicom数据集流中的基本数据单元而定的，如是ss us，那么，就需要按照两个字节进行交换，用swap2Bytes函数；如是ul sl，那么就按照四个字节进行交换，利用函数swap4Bytes来进行。

       首先是Tag，默认tag是分成两步格式化进dicom文件二进制流中，是Group Tag和Element Tag的两个部分进行。所以读取的过程中，就是要分成两步，分别把两个字节读取出来后，最后在进行数据的交换。

      但是对于VR值，由于它是一个字符串，写入的时候，最基本单元是一个byte，所以不用进行大小尾的交换。

      同理，字符长度也需要进行交换。

      再同理，数据的值也是根据写入的最基本数据单元进行的。

以下是dcmtk中的函数：

//其中，newByteOrder：EBO_LittleEndian
// oldByteOrder: EBO_BigEndian 
OFCondition swapIfNecessary(const E_ByteOrder newByteOrder,
			    const E_ByteOrder oldByteOrder,
			    void * value, const Uint32 byteLength,
			    const size_t valWidth)
    /*
     * This function swaps byteLength bytes in value if newByteOrder and oldByteOrder
     * differ from each other. In case bytes have to be swapped, these bytes are seperated
     * in valWidth elements which will be swapped seperately.
     *
     * Parameters:
     *   newByteOrder - [in] The new byte ordering (little or big endian).
     *   oldByteOrder - [in] The current old byte ordering (little or big endian).
     *   value        - [in] Array that contains the actual bytes which might have to be swapped.
     *   byteLength   - [in] Length of the above array.
     *   valWidth     - [in] Specifies how many bytes shall be treated together as one element.
     */
{
    /* if the two byte orderings are unknown this is an illegal call */
    if(oldByteOrder != EBO_unknown && newByteOrder != EBO_unknown )
    {
        /* and if they differ from each other and valWidth is not 1 */
	if (oldByteOrder != newByteOrder && valWidth != 1)
	{
            /* in case the array length equals valWidth and only 2 or 4 bytes have to be swapped */
            /* we can swiftly swap these bytes by calling the corresponding functions. If this is */
            /* not the case we have to call a more sophisticated function. */
	    if (byteLength == valWidth)
	    {
		if (valWidth == 2)
		    swap2Bytes(OFstatic_cast(Uint8 *, value));
		else if (valWidth == 4)
		    swap4Bytes(OFstatic_cast(Uint8 *, value));
		else
		    swapBytes(value, byteLength, valWidth);
	    }
	    else
		swapBytes(value, byteLength, valWidth);
	}
	return EC_Normal;
    }
    return EC_IllegalCall;
}

inline void swap2Bytes(Uint8 * toSwap)
// swaps [byte0][byte1] to [byte1][byte0]
{
    Uint8 tmp = toSwap[0];
    toSwap[0] = toSwap[1];
    toSwap[1] = tmp;
}
inline void swap4Bytes(Uint8 * toSwap)
// swaps [byte0][byte1][byte2][byte3] to [byte3][byte2][byte1][byte0]
{
    Uint8 tmp = toSwap[0];
    toSwap[0] = toSwap[3];
    toSwap[3] = tmp;
    tmp = toSwap[1];
    toSwap[1] = toSwap[2];
    toSwap[2] = tmp;
}