Opencv起步之主成分分析(PCA)

早在一年前，就玩过PCA了，那个时候使用PCA做了一个人脸识别的作业。所以对于PCA的理论这里不再介绍了，直接上一个基于Opencv的PCA吧。

在Opencv中，有一个PCA类，如下：

class CV_EXPORTS PCA
{
public:
    //! default constructor
    PCA();
    //! the constructor that performs PCA
    PCA(InputArray data, InputArray mean, int flags, int maxComponents=0);
    PCA(InputArray data, InputArray mean, int flags, double retainedVariance);
    //! operator that performs PCA. The previously stored data, if any, is released
    PCA& operator()(InputArray data, InputArray mean, int flags, int maxComponents=0);
    PCA& computeVar(InputArray data, InputArray mean, int flags, double retainedVariance);
    //! projects vector from the original space to the principal components subspace
    Mat project(InputArray vec) const;
    //! projects vector from the original space to the principal components subspace
    void project(InputArray vec, OutputArray result) const;
    //! reconstructs the original vector from the projection
    Mat backProject(InputArray vec) const;
    //! reconstructs the original vector from the projection
    void backProject(InputArray vec, OutputArray result) const;

    Mat eigenvectors; //!< eigenvectors of the covariation matrix
    Mat eigenvalues; //!< eigenvalues of the covariation matrix
    Mat mean; //!< mean value subtracted before the projection and added after the back projection
};

同时，在opencv2.4.6安装目录D:\opencv\opencv246\samples\cpp下有一个PCA的实例，下面我们直接给出：

// PCA.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"


/*
* pca.cpp
*
*  Author:
*  Kevin Hughes <kevinhughes27[at]gmail[dot]com>
*
*  Special Thanks to:
*  Philipp Wagner <bytefish[at]gmx[dot]de>
*
* This program demonstrates how to use OpenCV PCA with a
* specified amount of variance to retain. The effect
* is illustrated further by using a trackbar to
* change the value for retained varaince.
*
* The program takes as input a text file with each line
* begin the full path to an image. PCA will be performed
* on this list of images. The author recommends using
* the first 15 faces of the AT&T face data set:
* http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/facedatabase.html
*
* so for example your input text file would look like this:
*
*        <path_to_at&t_faces>/orl_faces/s1/1.pgm
*        <path_to_at&t_faces>/orl_faces/s2/1.pgm
*        <path_to_at&t_faces>/orl_faces/s3/1.pgm
*        <path_to_at&t_faces>/orl_faces/s4/1.pgm
*        <path_to_at&t_faces>/orl_faces/s5/1.pgm
*        <path_to_at&t_faces>/orl_faces/s6/1.pgm
*        <path_to_at&t_faces>/orl_faces/s7/1.pgm
*        <path_to_at&t_faces>/orl_faces/s8/1.pgm
*        <path_to_at&t