测试SpringMVC中的控制器
测试控制器最直接的办法可能就是构建并部署应用,然后通过浏览器来进行访问,但是自动化测试可能会给你更快的反馈和更一致的独立结果,所以,就需要针对控制器鞋一个测试。
假设有如下一个控制器
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHello(){
return "hello";
}
}
该如何来测试当接受到针对“/hello.do“的get请求时会调用sayHello方法,判断返回的视图为hello.如果你只想知道测试代码如何编写,则可以直接看文章的最末尾,如果你想了解下SpringMVC整个工程的其他相关文件的内容,则可以从头往下看。
利用idea建立一个Springmvc的项目,具体步骤省略。
其中,项目中的各个文件中的内容介绍如下:
1、web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1">
<display-name>winner-test Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--指定了核心配置文件的位置 mvc-dispatcher.xml存放在resources目录下-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:mvc-dispatcher.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2、mvc-dispatcher.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置包扫描器 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wrh.controller"/>
<!-- 配置注解驱动 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
</beans>
3、pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.wrh.springmvc</groupId>
<artifactId>springmvcdemo01</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springmvcdemo01 Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>springmvcdemo01</finalName>
</build>
</project>
4、HelloController.java
package com.wrh.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
/**
* Created by wuranghao on 2017/5/9.
*/
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hello.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String sayHello(){
return "hello";
}
}
5、HelloControllerTest.java
package com.wrh.controller;
import org.junit.*;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.view;
/**
* HelloController Tester.
*
* @author <Authors name>
* @since <pre>五月 10, 2017</pre>
* @version 1.0
*/
public class HelloControllerTest {
/**
*
* Method: sayHello()
*
*/
@Test
public void testSayHello() throws Exception {
//TODO: Test goes here...
HelloController helloController = new HelloController();
MockMvc mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(helloController).build();
mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello.do")).andExpect(view().name("hello"));
}
}
自己在运行上面测试代码时遇到这样一个错误:
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletContext 。
产生的原因为:缺少javax.servlet相关依赖。
解决方法为:在pom.xml(在上面此文件中已经添加)文件中,添加如下依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>