A Important Note

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ADVICE: USE CONSTRUCTOR INITIALIZERS

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In many classes, the distinction between initialization and assignment is strictly a matter of low-level efficiency: A data member is initialized and then assigned when it could have been initialized directly.

More important than the efficiency issue is the fact that some data members must be initialized. By routinely using constructor initializers, you can avoid being surprised by compile-time errors when you have a class with a member that requires a constructor initializer.

"""

How to comprehend it?

these words represents the distinction: the compiler decide the steps ( initialization --->.....---> assignment).

I curiously want to know right now?  what does the initializer do?

In my vision,  the possible process is like this .

(declarate a object (a variable)---> get to know which type ----> dispatch  room in storage media ---> store it.....)

I saw these words from the constructor of Class.

the compile-time is a import concept. For instance, when the program were compiled, the compiler obviously know what should be initialized, the object needs a literal value. the const type or the reference are typical presents So when the classes were compiled,  compiler need to know how to construct a function, which the variable need to be declarated. that maybe the mechanism or principle for compiler.

When we uses class or writes it, it seems necessarily to define a constructor or using default(). the const type and the reference needs more attention for a programer.