矢量图的使用【1】

SVG矢量图介绍

首先要解释下什么是矢量图像，什么是位图图像？ 
1、矢量图像：SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics, 可伸缩矢量图形) 是W3C 推出的一种开放标准的文本式矢量图形描述语言,他是基于XML的、专门为网络而设计的图像格式，SVG是一种采用XML来描述二维图形的语言，所以它可以直接打开xml文件来修改和编辑。 
2、位图图像：位图图像的存储单位是图像上每一点的像素值，因而文件会比较大，像GIF、JPEG、PNG等都是位图图像格式。

综上所述： 
矢量图有以下等优点： 
1、矢量图是用点和线来描述图形，所以文件会比较小，同时也能提供高清晰的画面 
2、矢量图缩放自由且不会失真，完全适配于任何分辨率的屏幕 
3、矢量图的是以xml语言来描述的，所以它修改自如 
4、矢量图色彩分辨率非常高清，同时支持滤镜 
5、跨平台，因为矢量图是纯文本格式来描述的，所以不受平台的限制

所以，在Android5.0以后，Android系统就支持矢量图的使用了，优点如上。

SVG矢量图的内容

那么，我们从网络上下载一张svg格式的矢量图，可从这里下载矢量图图标或者用PS等工具制作矢量图

下载好后用浏览器打开它是一个心形： 
 
然后用记事本之类的工具打开来看看它里面的是什么样子的： 
 
从中我们可以获取到该svg图像的宽高，因为svg图像是由点和线来描述图形的，所以path标签中的一串数字其实就是用来绘制svg图像，而path标签中那些M、C、Z等命令其实就是绘制svg图像时的规则了，我们来看看svg图像各个命令的意思：

M = moveto 相当于 android Path 里的moveTo(),用于移动起始点 
L = lineto 相当于 android Path 里的lineTo()，用于画线 
H = horizontal lineto 用于画水平线 
V = vertical lineto 用于画竖直线 
C = curveto 相当于cubicTo(),三次贝塞尔曲线 
S = smooth curveto 同样三次贝塞尔曲线，更平滑 
Q = quadratic Belzier curve quadTo()，二次贝塞尔曲线 
T = smooth quadratic Belzier curveto 同样二次贝塞尔曲线，更平滑 
A = elliptical Arc 相当于arcTo()，用于画弧 
Z = closepath 相当于closeTo(),关闭path

关于SVG更多介绍请看

在Android中显示SVG矢量图

我们从上面知道了svg图像是通过path标签里面的那一系列绘制规则来绘制成图像，所以只要得到了path标签里面那一串字符串就得到了这个图像了，正好，Android5.0以后支持SVG矢量图了，Google提供了一个<vector>标签用来创建VectorDrawable矢量对象，我们只要把svg的path标签中的字符串复制到<vector>的path标签中，就能创建出一个一模一样的矢量图形了，如： 
在drawable目录下新建一个根标签为<vector>的heart.xml,内容如下：

<code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-pi" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">vector</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">xmlns:android</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"256dp"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"256dp"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:viewportHeight</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"100"</span>
    <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:viewportWidth</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"100"</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">path
</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"heart"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:fillColor</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"#E91E63"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:pathData</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"M58.3,10.6C51.4,3.6,40,3.7,32,10.5c-1.3-1.1-2.6-2-4.1-2.8l-5.5-3.8c-0.3-0.2-0.6-0.2-1-0.1
c-0.3,0.1-0.5,0.4-0.6,0.8l-0.2,1C15,4.9,9.6,6.7,5.7,10.6C-1.8,18.1-2,30,5.4,37.8L31.3,64c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3
s0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3l25.9-26.2C65.9,30.2,65.7,18,58.3,10.6z M14.3,20.7l1.6,1.9L5.3,26.4l-0.9-9.1L14.3,20.7z M19.5,18.3l1.5,3.8    l-2,1.2l-2.6-3.1L19.5,18.3z M17.2,24.3C17.3,24.3,17.3,24.3,17.2,24.3l0.4,0.5L14,34c0,0,0,0,0,0l0,0c-0.1,0.3-0.3,0.5-0.5,0.6
c-0.3,0.1-0.6,0.1-0.8,0l-6.8-3.1l7.6-5.9L17.2,24.3z M19.6,25.2l0.2-0.1l4.1,17.9l-7.2-1.1L16,34.4L19.6,25.2z
M22.4,23.5    l9.6,1.2l6.2,4.3l-2.5,6.8L22.2,23.7L22.4,23.5z M33.8,21.9c0,0.3-0.2,0.6-0.4,0.7c-0.2,0.2-0.5,0.2-0.9,0.2l-9.6-1.2l-0.3-0.7    l3.3-2.8l8.4-3.6L33.8,21.9z
M30.4,11.9l-8.4,7L21,16.5c0,0,0-0.1-0.1-0.1l1.9-9.5c0,0,0.2,0,0.2,0s0,0,0,0l-0.2-0.4L30.4,11.9z
M7.1,12c3.5-3.5,8.2-5.1,13.3-4.5l-1.5,8.8l-4.1,2.4L4.5,15.3C5.3,14.1,6.1,13,7.1,12z M2.6,19.6l0.8,8.3c0,0.3,0.2,0.6,0.5,0.7
c0.2,0.1,0.3,0.2,0.5,0.2c0.1,0,0.2,0,0.3-0.1l2.7-1L3.3,31c0,0,0,0,0,0C1.8,27.4,1.6,23.3,2.6,19.6z M57.2,36.4L32,61.8L6.8,36.4
c-1-1-1.8-2.1-2.5-3.3l7.5,3.4c0.4,0.2,0.8,0.3,1.2,0.3c0.4,0,0.8-0.1,1.1-0.2l0.7,6.4c0,0.5,0.4,0.8,0.8,0.9l9.4,1.4
c0,0,0.1,0,0.1,0c0.3,0,0.5-0.1,0.7-0.3c0.2-0.2,0.3-0.6,0.2-0.9l-4-17.6l13.3,11.9c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.3,0.7,0.3c0.1,0,0.2,0,0.2,0
c0.3-0.1,0.6-0.3,0.7-0.6l3.2-8.9c0.2-0.4,0-0.9-0.4-1.2l-5.3-3.6c0.6-0.5,1.1-1.3,1.1-2.1l0.7-9.1c0-0.3-0.1-0.7-0.4-0.9
c-0.3-0.2-0.7-0.2-1-0.1l-3.6,1.5l1.1-0.9c0,0,0,0,0,0c0,0,0,0,0,0c7.2-6.7,17.8-7,24.2-0.6C63.5,18.6,63.7,29.6,57.2,36.4z"</span>
         /></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">vector</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li></ul>

其中在path标签中我改了它的填充颜色，当然还有其它一些属性也可以设置。 
然后直接设置给ImageView显示：

<code class="language-xml hljs  has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Source Code Pro", monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">ImageView
</span>        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:id</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@+id/imageView"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_width</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"match_parent"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:layout_height</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"wrap_content"</span>
        <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:src</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"@drawable/heart"</span>/></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

那么运行后svg图像就显示出来了：

所以从本质上来说，在Android中svg矢量图像就是一个VectorDrawable