C++ primer 单词转换（使用map对象）

  map关联容器类型通常理解为关联数组，由键（类型）和值（类型）组成。方便记忆以书店图书为例：map<ISBN,sale_item> bookstore;ISBN为键，对应图书sale_item为值，这使得我们能够通过键的顺序访问元素，而与元素在容器中的存储位置完全无关。

  使用nap对象完成单词转换（C++ primer 第4版10.3.9），例：

<pre name="code" class="cpp">#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
 
/*
 * A program to transform words.
 * Takes two arguments: The first is name of the word transformation file
 *                      The second is name of the input to transform
 */
 
// opens in binding it to the given file
ifstream& open_file(ifstream &in, const string &file) // p256/p270
{
    in.close(); // close in case it was already open
    in.clear(); // clear any existing errors
    // if the open fails, the stream will be in an invalid state
    in.open(file.c_str()); // open the file we were given
 
    return in; // condition state is good if open succeeded
}
 
int main(int argc, char **argv) // char *argv[] ?
{
    // map to hold the world transformation pairs:
    // key is the word to look for in the input; value is word to use in the output
    map<string, string> trans_map;
    string key, value;
    if (argc != 3)
        throw runtime_error("Wrong number of arguments");
    // open transformation file and check that open succeeded
    ifstream map_file;
    if (!open_file(map_file, argv[1]))
        throw runtime_error("no transformation file");
    // read the transformation map and bulid the map
    while (map_file >> key >> value)
        trans_map.insert(make_pair(key, value));
    // ok, now we're ready to do the transformations
    // open the input file and check that the open succeeded
    ifstream input;
    if (!open_file(input, argv[2]))
        throw runtime_error("no input file");
    string line; // hold each line from the input
    // read the text to transform it a line at a time
    while (getline(input, line))//read the line from the input to the line
	{
        istringstream stream(line); // read the line a word at a time,bind to stream to the line we read
        string word;
        bool firstword = true; // controls whether a space is printed
        while (stream >> word) //read a word from line
		{
            // ok: the actual mapwork, this part is the heart of the program
            map<string, string>::const_iterator map_it = trans_map.find(word);
            // if this word is in the transformation map
            if (map_it != trans_map.end())
                // replace it by the transformation value in the map
                word = map_it->second;
            if (firstword)
                firstword = false; 
            else
                cout << " "; // print space between words
            cout << word;
        }
        cout << endl; // done with this line of input
    }
     
    return 0;
}

  相关代码的解释如上图，值得注意的是：由于使用了ifstream和istringstream类，在头文件中需要包含<fstream><sstream>,on_file()函数为自定义函数，由于主函数

int main(int argc, char **argv)

在vs2010 debug报错，应该在cmd环境中输入指令（test test1.txt text2.txt）来执行程序，其中test为应用程序名，test1为单词转换表，test2为待转换的文本。

最终运行结果如下：