matlab基础学习（1）

在matlab中输入如下命令的结果：

>> help j
 J  Imaginary unit.
    As the basic imaginary unit SQRT(-1), i and j are used to enter
    complex numbers.  For example, the expressions 3+2i, 3+2*i, 3+2j,
    3+2*j and 3+2*sqrt(-1) all have the same value.
 
    Since both i and j are functions, they can be overridden and used
    as a variable.  This permits you to use i or j as an index in FOR
    loops, subscripts, etc.
 
    See also i.


    Reference page in Help browser
       doc j



>> help i
 I  Imaginary unit.
    As the basic imaginary unit SQRT(-1), i and j are used to enter
    complex numbers.  For example, the expressions 3+2i, 3+2*i, 3+2j,
    3+2*j and 3+2*sqrt(-1) all have the same value.
 
    Since both i and j are functions, they can be overridden and used
    as a variable.  This permits you to use i or j as an index in FOR
    loops, etc.
 
    See also j.


    Reference page in Help browser
       doc i



>> sqrt(-1)

ans =

        0 + 1.0000i

>> help real
 REAL   Complex real part.
    REAL(X) is the real part of X.
    See I or J to enter complex numbers.
 
    See also isreal, imag, conj, angle, abs.

    Overloaded functions or methods (ones with the same name in other directories)
       help frd/real.m
       help sym/real.m
       help iddata/real.m

    Reference page in Help browser
       doc real



>> help imag
 IMAG   Complex imaginary part.
    IMAG(X) is the imaginary part of X.
    See I or J to enter complex numbers.
 
    See also real, isreal, conj, angle, abs.

    Overloaded functions or methods (ones with the same name in other directories)
       help frd/imag.m
       help sym/imag.m
       help iddata/imag.m

    Reference page in Help browser
       doc imag



>> help conj
 CONJ   Complex conjugate.
    CONJ(X) is the complex conjugate of X.
    For a complex X, CONJ(X) = REAL(X) - i*IMAG(X).
 
    See also real, imag, i, j.

    Overloaded functions or methods (ones with the same name in other directories)
       help zpk/conj.m
       help tf/conj.m
       help ss/conj.m
       help sym/conj.m

    Reference page in Help browser
       doc conj



>> help abs
 ABS    Absolute value.
    ABS(X) is the absolute value of the elements of X. When
    X is complex, ABS(X) is the complex modulus (magnitude) of
    the elements of X.
 
    See also sign, angle, unwrap, hypot.

    Overloaded functions or methods (ones with the same name in other directories)
       help frd/abs.m
       help sym/abs.m
       help iddata/abs.m

    Reference page in Help browser
       doc abs



>> help angle
 ANGLE  Phase angle.
    ANGLE(H) returns the phase angles, in radians, of a matrix with
    complex elements.  
 
    Class support for input X:
       float: double, single
 
    See also abs, unwrap.

    Overloaded functions or methods (ones with the same name in other directories)
       help frd/angle.m
       help iddata/angle.m

    Reference page in Help browser
       doc angle

以下是使用上述命令的例子：

>> x = 1

x =

     1

>> y = 2;
>> z = x + j * y

z =

   1.0000 + 2.0000i

>> 1/z

ans =

   0.2000 - 0.4000i

>> z^2

ans =

  -3.0000 + 4.0000i

>> real(z)

ans =

     1

>> imag(z)

ans =

     2

>> conj(z)

ans =

   1.0000 - 2.0000i

>> z*conj(z)

ans =

     5

>> abs(z)

ans =

    2.2361

>> abs(z)^2

ans =

    5.0000

>> angle(z)

ans =

    1.1071

>> 




注：在matlab中缺省没有对e进行定义，不过我们可以通过 e= exp(1)计算得到，如下


>> e = exp(1)

e =

    2.7183

>> 


复数的极坐标表示如下：
>> z = 1 + j * 2

z =

   1.0000 + 2.0000i

>> r = abs(z)

r =

    2.2361

>> theta = angle(z)

theta =

    1.1071


>> r * exp(j*theta)

ans =

   1.0000 + 2.0000i





以下是一些比较有意思的操作：
>> z = 1 + j* 2

z =

   1.0000 + 2.0000i

>> z/conj(z)

ans =

  -0.6000 + 0.8000i

>> theta = angle(z)

theta =

    1.1071

>> exp(2*j*theta)

ans =

  -0.6000 + 0.8000i

>> imag(log(z/abs(z)))

ans =

    1.1071

>> theta

theta =

    1.1071

>> 




在matlab语法中另一个需要注意的问题是转置操作符'(对于矢量和矩阵)。
当是'符号时，进行共轭转置。
而当是.'时，进行转置，但没有共轭。




如下例所示：





>> x = [1:4]*j

x =

        0 + 1.0000i        0 + 2.0000i        0 + 3.0000i        0 + 4.0000i

>> x'

ans =

        0 - 1.0000i
        0 - 2.0000i
        0 - 3.0000i
        0 - 4.0000i

>> x.'

ans =

        0 + 1.0000i
        0 + 2.0000i
        0 + 3.0000i
        0 + 4.0000i

>>