mutex 互斥锁线程控制

一、引言

    mutex是一种简单的加锁的方法来控制对共享资源的存取。这个互斥所只有两种状态：上锁和解锁。可以把互斥锁看成某种意义上的全局变量。在同一时刻，只能有一个线程掌握某个互斥锁，拥有上锁状态的线程能够对共享资源进行操作。若其它线程希望上锁一个已经上锁的互斥锁，则该线程就会挂起，直到上锁的线程释放该互斥锁为止。可以说，这把锁使得共享资源得以有序在各个线程中操作。

互斥锁主要操作：

1）初始化：pthread_mutex_init

2)上锁：pthread_mutex_lock

3)解锁：pthread_mutex_unlock

4)判断上锁：pthread_mutex_trylock

5)消除互斥锁：pthread_mutex_destroy

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     问答

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1.可以有多个互斥锁吗？如何存在的？作用区间如何？

答：

二、实例

/*mutex.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <errno.h>

pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
int lock_var = 0;
time_t end_time;

void pthread1(void *arg);
void pthread2(void *arg);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	pthread_t id1,id2;
	pthread_t mon_th_id;
	int ret;

	end_time = time(NULL)+10;
	
	pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
	/*创建两个线程：pthread1,pthread2*/
	ret=pthread_create(&id1,NULL,(void *)pthread1, NULL);
	if(ret!=0)
		perror("pthread cread1");
	
	ret=pthread_create(&id2,NULL,(void *)pthread2, NULL);
	if(ret!=0)
		perror("pthread cread2");
	
	pthread_join(id1,NULL);
	pthread_join(id2,NULL);
	
	exit(0);
}

void pthread1(void *arg)
{
	int i;
	while(time(NULL) < end_time)
	{
/*互斥所上锁*/
		if(pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex)!=0)
		{
			perror("pthread_mutex_lock");
		}
		else
			printf("pthread1:pthread1 lock the variable\n");
		
		for(i=0;i<2;i++)          //睡眠两个时间单位
		{
			sleep(1);             
			lock_var++;
		}

/*互斥所解锁*/
		if(pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex)!=0)
		{
			perror("pthread_mutex_unlock");
		}
		else
			printf("pthread1:pthread1 unlock the variable\n");
		
		sleep(1);           //睡眠1个时间单位
	}
}

void pthread2(void *arg)
{
	int nolock=0;
	int ret;
	
	while(time(NULL) < end_time)
	{
/*测试锁状态*/
		ret=pthread_mutex_trylock(&mutex);
		if(ret==EBUSY)                         //若为忙，表示被其它线程占用
			printf("pthread2:the variable is locked by pthread1\n");
		else
		{
			if(ret!=0)
			{
				perror("pthread_mutex_trylock");
				exit(1);
			}
			else
				printf("pthread2:pthread2 got lock.The variable is %d\n",lock_var);
/*解锁*/
			if(pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex)!=0)
			{
				perror("pthread_mutex_unlock");
			}
			 else
				printf("pthread2:pthread2 unlock the variable\n");
		}
		sleep(3);  //睡眠3个时间单位
	}
}

运行结果如下：

[root@localhost net]# ./mutex
pthread1:pthread1 lock the variable
pthread2:the variable is locked by pthread1
pthread1:pthread1 unlock the variable
pthread2:pthread2 got lock.The variable is 2
pthread2:pthread2 unlock the variable
pthread1:pthread1 lock the variable
pthread1:pthread1 unlock the variable
pthread2:pthread2 got lock.The variable is 4
pthread2:pthread2 unlock the variable
pthread1:pthread1 lock the variable
pthread1:pthread1 unlock the variable
pthread2:pthread2 got lock.The variable is 6
pthread2:pthread2 unlock the variable
pthread1:pthread1 lock the variable
pthread1:pthread1 unlock the variable