大家一起来编程第十期

题目：

                                   从0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9共10个数中,如何计算出其中6个数字的组合数

我的回答：

关于排列组合的算法有很多，其中多重循环法最不可取。比较好的有回朔法等，我使用的是下面的算法。这个算法并非是我的原创，而是来自于网上。我不清楚最初的出处，没有引用原文请原作者见了莫怪。


组合算法
本程序的思路是开一个数组，其下标表示1到m个数，数组元素的值为1表示其下标
代表的数被选中，为0则没选中。
首先初始化，将数组前n个元素置1，表示第一个组合为前n个数。
然后从左到右扫描数组元素值的“10”组合，找到第一个“10”组合后将其变为
“01”组合，同时将其左边的所有“1”全部移动到数组的最左端。
当第一个“1”移动到数组的m-n的位置，即n个“1”全部移动到最右端时，就得
到了最后一个组合。
例如求5中选3的组合：
1 1 1 0 0 //1,2,3
1 1 0 1 0 //1,2,4
1 0 1 1 0 //1,3,4
0 1 1 1 0 //2,3,4
1 1 0 0 1 //1,2,5
1 0 1 0 1 //1,3,5
0 1 1 0 1 //2,3,5
1 0 0 1 1 //1,4,5
0 1 0 1 1 //2,4,5
0 0 1 1 1 //3,4,5



我的具体程序如下：
编译环境： Windows Server 2003
                     Microsoft .Net Framework 1.1.4322
                    SharpDevelop  1.03.1768

/*
* Created by SharpDevelop.
* User: Administrator
* Date: 2005-4-18
* Time: 15:31
*
* To change this template use Tools | Options | Coding | Edit Standard Headers.
*/
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Collections;

namespace zuhe
{
        /// <summary>
        /// Description of MainForm.
        /// </summary>
        public class MainForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form
        {
                private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
                private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1;
                private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox1;
                private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox2;
                private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3;
                private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
               
                public ArrayList Zuhe ;
               
                public string BuildString(int[] a)
                {
                        string s="";
                        for (int i=0;i<10;i++){
                                if (a==1){
                                        s=s+i.ToString()+"-";
                                       
                                }
                        }
                        return s.Substring(0,s.Length-1) ;
                }
                public int Combination(int m,int n)
                {
                        int i,j,count=0,k,l;
                        bool end = true;
                        int[] a = new int[10];
                        for (i=0;i<10;i++)
                        {
                                if (i<n)a=1;
                                else a=0;

                        }
                        Zuhe.Clear();
                        while (end)
                        {
                                k=l=0;
                                for(i=0;i<m-1;i++){
                                        if (a==1)
                                        {
                                                l++;
                                                if(a[i+1]==0)
                                                {
                                                        count++;
                                                        Zuhe.Add(BuildString(a));
                                                       
                                                        a=0;
                                                        a[i+1]=1;
                                                        k=1;
                                                        l-=1;
                                                        for(j=0;j<i;j++)
                                                        {
                                                                if (j<l)
                                                                        a[j]=1;
                                                                else
                                                                        a[j]=0;
                                                        }
                                                        break;
                                                }
                                        }

                                }

                               
                                if (k==0)
                                {
                                        Zuhe.Add(BuildString(a));
                                        count++;
                                        end =false;

                                }
                               
                               
                        }
                        return count;
                }
               
                public MainForm()
                {
                        InitializeComponent();
                        Zuhe = new ArrayList();
                }
               
                [STAThread]
                public static void Main(string[] args)
                {
                        Application.Run(new MainForm());
                       
                }
               
                #region Windows Forms Designer generated code
                /// <summary>
                /// This method is required for Windows Forms designer support.
                /// Do not change the method contents inside the source code editor. The Forms designer might
                /// not be able to load this method if it was changed manually.
                /// </summary>
                private void InitializeComponent() {
                        this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
                        this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
                        this.textBox2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
                        this.textBox1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
                        this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
                        this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
                        this.SuspendLayout();
                        //
                        // label1
                        //
                        this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(376, 232);
                        this.label1.Name = "label1";
                        this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(136, 32);
                        this.label1.TabIndex = 3;
                        this.label1.Text = "label1";
                        //
                        // label3
                        //
                        this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(376, 344);
                        this.label3.Name = "label3";
                        this.label3.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(136, 32);
                        this.label3.TabIndex = 5;
                        this.label3.Text = "label3";
                        //
                        // textBox2
                        //
                        this.textBox2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 40);
                        this.textBox2.Multiline = true;
                        this.textBox2.Name = "textBox2";
                        this.textBox2.ScrollBars = System.Windows.Forms.ScrollBars.Vertical;
                        this.textBox2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(320, 320);
                        this.textBox2.TabIndex = 2;
                        this.textBox2.Text = "";
                        //
                        // textBox1
                        //
                        this.textBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(376, 88);
                        this.textBox1.Name = "textBox1";
                        this.textBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(136, 21);
                        this.textBox1.TabIndex = 0;
                        this.textBox1.Text = "";
                        //
                        // button1
                        //
                        this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(384, 168);
                        this.button1.Name = "button1";
                        this.button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 24);
                        this.button1.TabIndex = 1;
                        this.button1.Text = "Start";
                        this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.Button1Click);
                        //
                        // label2
                        //
                        this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(376, 288);
                        this.label2.Name = "label2";
                        this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(136, 32);
                        this.label2.TabIndex = 4;
                        this.label2.Text = "label2";
                        //
                        // MainForm
                        //
                        this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);
                        this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(536, 389);
                        this.Controls.Add(this.label3);
                        this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
                        this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
                        this.Controls.Add(this.textBox2);
                        this.Controls.Add(this.button1);
                        this.Controls.Add(this.textBox1);
                        this.Name = "MainForm";
                        this.Text = "MainForm";
                        this.ResumeLayout(false);
                }
                #endregion
                void Button1Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
                {
                        int i ;
                        //Datetime s = new DateTime();
                        label1.Text =@"Time1="+
                                         Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Hour)+":"+
                                         Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Minute)+":"+
                                                 Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Second)+":"+
                                         Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Millisecond);
                        textBox1.Text = Combination(10,6).ToString();
                       
                        label2.Text =@"Time2="+
                                         Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Hour)+":"+
                                         Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Minute)+":"+
                                                 Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Second)+":"+
                                         Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Millisecond);
                        for (i=0; i<Convert.ToInt16( textBox1.Text );i++)
                                textBox2.Lines  = (string[])Zuhe.ToArray(typeof(string)) ;
                        label3.Text =@"Time3="+
                                         Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Hour)+":"+
                                         Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Minute)+":"+
                                                 Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Second)+":"+
                                         Convert.ToString(DateTime.Now.Millisecond);
                }
               
        }
}

//时间紧，没有注释，望大家原谅。