创建线程的两种方式和线程的安全性问题

一：创建线程的两种方式

1.继承Thread类

//继承Thread类实现多线程
//经典案例：火车票购票
class Train extends Thread{
	private int tic;

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(tic=20;tic>0;tic--){
			System.out.println(tic);
		}
	}
	
	
}
public class ThreadDemo {

	public static void main(String [] args){
		new Train().start();
		new Train().start();
		new Train().start();
	}
}

2.实现Runnable接口

//实现Runnable类实现多线程
//经典案例：火车票购票
class Train implements Runnable{
	private int tic;

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(tic=20;tic>0;tic--){
			System.out.println(tic);
		}
	}
	
	
}
public class ThreadDemo {

	public static void main(String [] args){
		Train t1=new Train();
		new Thread(t1).start();
		new Thread(t1).start();
		new Thread(t1).start();
		new Thread(t1).start();
	}
}

两种方式创建线程的优缺点：用于java中只有单继承，所以当一个类需要继承另一个类时，就只能用实现Runnable 接口的方式。

二：线程的安全性问题

//实现Runnable类实现多线程
//经典案例：火车票购票
class Train implements Runnable{
	private int tic;

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(tic=20;tic>0;tic--){
			try {
				Thread.sleep(200);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"购买了第"+tic+"张票");
		}
	}
	
	
}
public class ThreadDemo {

	public static void main(String [] args){
		Train t1=new Train();
		new Thread(t1,"小明").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小王").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小张").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小李").start();
	}
}

从运行结果看出，出现了有人购买第0张票，甚至是负数。

解决方案：

1.将可能出现问题的代码放到Synchronized代码块，Synchronized方法中

//实现Runnable类实现多线程
//经典案例：火车票购票
class Train implements Runnable{
	private int tic=200;

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(int i=0;i<200;i++){
			synchronized(this){
				if(tic>0){
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"购买了第"+tic+"张票");
					tic--;
				}
			}
			
			
		}
	}
	
	
}
public class ThreadDemo {

	public static void main(String [] args){
		Train t1=new Train();
		new Thread(t1,"小明").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小王").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小张").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小李").start();
	}
}

//实现Runnable类实现多线程
//经典案例：火车票购票
class Train implements Runnable{
	private int tic=200;

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for(int i=0;i<200;i++){
			buy();
		}
	}
	
	synchronized private void buy(){
		if(tic>0){
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"购买了第"+tic+"张票");
			tic--;
		}
	}
	
}
public class ThreadDemo {

	public static void main(String [] args){
		Train t1=new Train();
		new Thread(t1,"小明").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小王").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小张").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小李").start();
	}
}

2.Lock类

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

//实现Runnable类实现多线程
//经典案例：火车票购票
class Train implements Runnable{
	private int tic=200;
	Lock lock=new ReentrantLock();

	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		for(int i=0;i<200;i++){
			lock.lock();
				if(tic>0){
					System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"购买了第"+tic+"张票");
					tic--;
				}
				lock.unlock();
			}
			
		
	}
	
	
}
public class ThreadDemo {

	public static void main(String [] args){
		Train t1=new Train();
		new Thread(t1,"小明").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小王").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小张").start();
		new Thread(t1,"小李").start();
	}
}