MSDN例子
// MemoryBlock.h
#pragma once
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
class MemoryBlock
{
public:
// Simple constructor that initializes the resource.
explicit MemoryBlock(size_t length)
: _length(length)
, _data(new int[length])
{
std::cout << "In MemoryBlock(size_t). length = "
<< _length << "." << std::endl;
}
// Destructor.
~MemoryBlock()
{
std::cout << "In ~MemoryBlock(). length = "
<< _length << ".";
if (_data != nullptr)
{
std::cout << " Deleting resource.";
// Delete the resource.
delete[] _data;
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}
// Copy constructor.
MemoryBlock(const MemoryBlock& other)
: _length(other._length)
, _data(new int[other._length])
{
std::cout << "In MemoryBlock(const MemoryBlock&). length = "
<< other._length << ". Copying resource." << std::endl;
std::copy(other._data, other._data + _length, _data);
}
// Copy assignment operator.
MemoryBlock& operator=(const MemoryBlock& other)
{
std::cout << "In operator=(const MemoryBlock&). length = "
<< other._length << ". Copying resource." << std::endl;
if (this != &other)
{
// Free the existing resource.
delete[] _data;
_length = other._length;
_data = new int[_length];
std::copy(other._data, other._data + _length, _data);
}
return *this;
}
// Move constructor.
MemoryBlock(MemoryBlock&& other)
: _data(nullptr)
, _length(0)
{
std::cout << "In MemoryBlock(MemoryBlock&&). length = "
<< other._length << ". Moving resource." << std::endl;
// Copy the data pointer and its length from the
// source object.
_data = other._data;
_length = other._length;
// Release the data pointer from the source object so that
// the destructor does not free the memory multiple times.
other._data = nullptr;
other._length = 0;
// revised version
// *this = std::move(other);
}
// Move assignment operator.
MemoryBlock& operator=(MemoryBlock&& other)
{
std::cout << "In operator=(MemoryBlock&&). length = "
<< other._length << "." << std::endl;
if (this != &other)
{
// Free the existing resource.
delete[] _data;
// Copy the data pointer and its length from the
// source object.
_data = other._data;
_length = other._length;
// Release the data pointer from the source object so that
// the destructor does not free the memory multiple times.
other._data = nullptr;
other._length = 0;
}
return *this;
}
// Retrieves the length of the data resource.
size_t Length() const
{
return _length;
}
private:
size_t _length; // The length of the resource.
int* _data; // The resource.
};
代码说明
- MemoryBlock是一个自动管理整形动态数组的类。
- MemoryBlock类只有两个数据成员:整形数组的长度_length以及首地址指针_data。
- MemoryBlock类共有六个特殊成员函数,
其中移动构造器以及移动赋值运算符为C++0x标准所新增的特殊成员函数。
详细说明可见下表。
成员函数名 | 位置 | 参数 | 功能 |
---|---|---|---|
初始化构造器 | 第11~17行 | 整形长度length | 设置数组长度并分配内存 |
析构器 | 第20~33行 | 无 | 检查数组是否为空,如不为空,则释放内存 |
拷贝构造器 | 第36~44行 | 相同类型的const左值引用other | 拷贝other的内容以完成构造 1.将数组长度设置为other的长度 2.分配与other相同大小的内存 3.拷贝other的数组元素 |
拷贝赋值运算符 | 第47~62行 | 相同类型的const左值引用other | 拷贝other的内容以完成赋值 功能上大致相当于析构器+拷贝构造器 |
移动构造器 | 第65~84行 | 相同类型的右值引用other | 移动(窃取)other的内容以完成构造 1.将数组长度设置为other的数组长度 2.将数组首地址指针设置为other的数组首地址指针 3.将other的数组长度清0 4.将other的数组首地址指针设置为空指针 |
移动赋值运算符 | 第87~108行 | 相同类型的右值引用other | 移动(窃取)other的内容以完成赋值 功能上大致相当于析构器+移动构造器 |
测试代码:
#include "MemoryBlock.h"
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Create a vector object and add a few elements to it.
vector<MemoryBlock> v;
v.push_back(MemoryBlock(25));
v.push_back(MemoryBlock(75));
// Insert a new element into the second position of the vector.
v.insert(v.begin() + 1, MemoryBlock(50));
}
Windows平台下使用gcc4.6.1编译运行结果如下:
In MemoryBlock(size_t). length = 25.
In MemoryBlock(MemoryBlock&&). length = 25. Moving resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 0.
In MemoryBlock(size_t). length = 75.
In MemoryBlock(MemoryBlock&&). length = 75. Moving resource.
In MemoryBlock(MemoryBlock&&). length = 25. Moving resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 0.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 0.
In MemoryBlock(size_t). length = 50.
In MemoryBlock(MemoryBlock&&). length = 50. Moving resource.
In MemoryBlock(MemoryBlock&&). length = 25. Moving resource.
In MemoryBlock(MemoryBlock&&). length = 75. Moving resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 0.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 0.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 0.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 25. Deleting resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 50. Deleting resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 75. Deleting resource.
如果从MemoryBlock类中删除移动构造器以及移动赋值运算符,重新编译运行结果如下:
In MemoryBlock(size_t). length = 25.
In MemoryBlock(const MemoryBlock&). length = 25. Copying resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 25. Deleting resource.
In MemoryBlock(size_t). length = 75.
In MemoryBlock(const MemoryBlock&). length = 75. Copying resource.
In MemoryBlock(const MemoryBlock&). length = 25. Copying resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 25. Deleting resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 75. Deleting resource.
In MemoryBlock(size_t). length = 50.
In MemoryBlock(const MemoryBlock&). length = 50. Copying resource.
In MemoryBlock(const MemoryBlock&). length = 25. Copying resource.
In MemoryBlock(const MemoryBlock&). length = 75. Copying resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 25. Deleting resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 75. Deleting resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 50. Deleting resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 25. Deleting resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 50. Deleting resource.
In ~MemoryBlock(). length = 75. Deleting resource.