文章目录
一、SPI简介
SPI(Serial Peripheral interface)是串行外围设备接口,SPI 接口主要应用在 EEPROM,FLASH,实时时钟,AD 转换器,还有数字信号处理器和数字信号解码器之间。
SPI是一种高速的,全双工,同步的通信总线,并且在芯片的管脚上只占用四根线,节约了芯片的管脚,同时为 PCB 的布局上节省空间,提供方便,正是出于这种简单易用的特性,现在越来越多的芯片集成了这种通信协议,STM32 也有 SPI 接口。
在这里插入图片描述
SPI 接口一般使用 4 条线通信:
MISO 主设备数据输入,从设备数据输出。
MOSI 主设备数据输出,从设备数据输入。
SCLK 时钟信号,由主设备产生。
CS 从设备片选信号,由主设备控制。
SPI 主要特点有:可以同时发出和接收串行数据;可以当作主机或从机工作;提供频率可编程时钟;发送结束中断标志;写冲突保护;总线竞争保护等。
SPI 总线四种工作方式 SPI 模块为了和外设进行数据交换,根据外设工作要求,其输出串行同步时钟极性和相位可以进行配置,时钟极性(CPOL)对传输协议没有重大的影响。
如果 CPOL=0,串行同步时钟的空闲状态为低电平;如果 CPOL=1,串行同步时钟的空闲状态为高电平。
时钟相位(CPHA)能够配置用于选择两种不同的传输协议之一进行数据传输。如果 CPHA=0,在串行同步时钟的第一个跳变沿(上升或下降)数据被采样;如果 CPHA=1,在串行同步时钟的第二个跳变沿(上升或下降)数据被采样。
SPI 主模块和与之通信的外设备时钟相位和极性应该一致。
SPI通信过程
MOSI
与MISO
的信号只在NSS为低电平
的时候才有效,在SCK
的每个时钟周期MOSI和MISO
传输一位数据。
二、OLED简介
OLED即有机发光二极管(Organic Light-Emitting Diode),又称为有机电激光显示(Organic Electroluminesence Display, OELD)。OLED 由于同时具备自发光,不需背光源、对比度高、厚度薄、视角广、反应速度快、可用于挠曲性面板、使用温度范围广、构造及制程较简单等优异之特性,被认为是下一代的平面显示器新兴应用技术。
LCD 都需要背光,而 OLED 不需要,因为它是自发光的。这样同样的显示,OLED 效果要来得好一些。以目前的技术,OLED 的尺寸还难以大型化,但是分辨率确可以做到很高。
我们使用的是 ALINETEK 的 OLED 显示模块,该模块有以下特点:
- 模块有单色和双色两种可选,单色为纯蓝色,而双色则为黄蓝双色。
- 尺寸小,显示尺寸为 0.96 寸,而模块的尺寸仅为 27mmx26mm 大小。
- 高分辨率,该模块的分辨率为128x64。
- 多种接口方式,该模块提供了总共 5 种接口包括:6800、8080 两种并行接口方式、3线或 4 线的穿行 SPI 接口方式、IIC 接口方式(只需要 2 根线就可以控制 OLED 了)。
- 不需要高压,直接接 3.3V 就可以工作了。注意该模块不和 5.0V 接口兼容,所以在使用的时候一定要小心,勿直接接到 5V 的系统上去,否则可能烧坏模块。
该模块采用 8*2 的 2.54 排针与外部连接,总共有 16 个管脚,在 16 条线中,我们只用了 15条,有一个是悬空的。15 条线中,电源和地线占了 2 条,还剩下 13 条信号线。在不同模式下,我们需要的信号线数量是不同的,在 8080 模式下,需要全部 13 条,而在 IIC 模式下,仅需要2条线就够了!这其中有一条是共同的,那就是复位线 RST(RES),RST 上的低电平,将导致 OLED 复位,在每次初始化之前,都应该复位一下 OLED 模块。
在下面实验中,将会采用七线OLED。 - 接线示意图如下:
三、STM32+OLED显示个人学号姓名
1、文字取模
利用取模软件将需要显示的文字用十六进制表示出来,软件初始设置如下:
在文字输入区输入目标文字,并ctrl+enter
,得到显示图,点击C51即可得到点阵
2、代码编写
- 修改内容显示函数
TEST_MainPage()
void TEST_MainPage(void) { //GUI_ShowString(28,0,"abc",16,1);//英文姓名 GUI_ShowCHinese(28,20,16,"王雨珊",1);//中文姓名 GUI_ShowString(4,48,"63210703xxxx",16,1);//数字详细 delay_ms(1500); delay_ms(1500); }
- 修改
oledfont.h
文件,将需要的字模点阵存入其中,以系统设置
为例const typFNT_GB16 cfont16[] = { "系",0x00,0xF8,0x3F,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x08,0x20,0x10,0x40,0x3F,0x80,0x01,0x00,0x06,0x10, 0x18,0x08,0x7F,0xFC,0x01,0x04,0x09,0x20,0x11,0x10,0x21,0x08,0x45,0x04,0x02,0x00,/*"系",0*/ "统",0x10,0x40,0x10,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x23,0xFE,0x48,0x40,0xF8,0x88,0x11,0x04,0x23,0xFE, 0x40,0x92,0xF8,0x90,0x40,0x90,0x00,0x90,0x19,0x12,0xE1,0x12,0x42,0x0E,0x04,0x00,/*"统",1*/ "设",0x00,0x00,0x21,0xF0,0x11,0x10,0x11,0x10,0x01,0x10,0x02,0x0E,0xF4,0x00,0x13,0xF8, 0x11,0x08,0x11,0x10,0x10,0x90,0x14,0xA0,0x18,0x40,0x10,0xA0,0x03,0x18,0x0C,0x06,/*"设",2*/ "置",0x7F,0xFC,0x44,0x44,0x7F,0xFC,0x01,0x00,0x7F,0xFC,0x01,0x00,0x1F,0xF0,0x10,0x10, 0x1F,0xF0,0x10,0x10,0x1F,0xF0,0x10,0x10,0x1F,0xF0,0x10,0x10,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x00,/*"置",3*/ };
- 主函数代码
int main(void) { delay_init(); //延时函数初始化 OLED_Init(); //初始化OLED OLED_Clear(0); //清屏(全黑) while(1) { TEST_MainPage(); //界面显示 } }
3、效果展示
四、STM32+OLED显示AHT20的温度和湿度
1、代码编写
- 在
bsp_i2c.c
文件中添加温湿度显示函数read_AHT20
void read_AHT20(void) { uint8_t i; for(i=0; i<6; i++) { readByte[i]=0; } //------------- I2C_Start(); I2C_WriteByte(0x71); ack_status = Receive_ACK(); readByte[0]= I2C_ReadByte(); Send_ACK(); readByte[1]= I2C_ReadByte(); Send_ACK(); readByte[2]= I2C_ReadByte(); Send_ACK(); readByte[3]= I2C_ReadByte(); Send_ACK(); readByte[4]= I2C_ReadByte(); Send_ACK(); readByte[5]= I2C_ReadByte(); SendNot_Ack(); //Send_ACK(); I2C_Stop(); //-------------- if( (readByte[0] & 0x68) == 0x08 ) { H1 = readByte[1]; H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[2]; H1 = (H1<<8) | readByte[3]; H1 = H1>>4; H1 = (H1*1000)/1024/1024; T1 = readByte[3]; T1 = T1 & 0x0000000F; T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[4]; T1 = (T1<<8) | readByte[5]; T1 = (T1*2000)/1024/1024 - 500; AHT20_OutData[0] = (H1>>8) & 0x000000FF; AHT20_OutData[1] = H1 & 0x000000FF; AHT20_OutData[2] = (T1>>8) & 0x000000FF; AHT20_OutData[3] = T1 & 0x000000FF; } else { AHT20_OutData[0] = 0xFF; AHT20_OutData[1] = 0xFF; AHT20_OutData[2] = 0xFF; AHT20_OutData[3] = 0xFF; printf("lyy"); } /*通过串口显示采集得到的温湿度 printf("\r\n"); printf("温度:%d%d.%d",T1/100,(T1/10)%10,T1%10); printf("湿度:%d%d.%d",H1/100,(H1/10)%10,H1%10); printf("\r\n");*/ t=T1/10; t1=T1%10; a=(float)(t+t1*0.1); h=H1/10; h1=H1%10; b=(float)(h+h1*0.1); sprintf(strTemp,"%.1f",a); //调用Sprintf函数把DHT11的温度数据格式化到字符串数组变量strTemp中 sprintf(strHumi,"%.1f",b); //调用Sprintf函数把DHT11的湿度数据格式化到字符串数组变量strHumi中 GUI_ShowCHinese(16,00,16,"温湿度显示",1); GUI_ShowCHinese(16,20,16,"温度",1); GUI_ShowString(53,20,strTemp,16,1); GUI_ShowCHinese(16,38,16,"湿度",1); GUI_ShowString(53,38,strHumi,16,1); delay_ms(1500); delay_ms(1500); }
- 点阵显示
"温",0x00,0x00,0x23,0xF8,0x12,0x08,0x12,0x08,0x83,0xF8,0x42,0x08,0x42,0x08,0x13,0xF8, 0x10,0x00,0x27,0xFC,0xE4,0xA4,0x24,0xA4,0x24,0xA4,0x24,0xA4,0x2F,0xFE,0x00,0x00,/*"温",0*/ "度",0x01,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x3F,0xFE,0x22,0x20,0x22,0x20,0x3F,0xFC,0x22,0x20,0x22,0x20, 0x23,0xE0,0x20,0x00,0x2F,0xF0,0x24,0x10,0x42,0x20,0x41,0xC0,0x86,0x30,0x38,0x0E,/*"度",0*/ "湿",0x00,0x00,0x27,0xF8,0x14,0x08,0x14,0x08,0x87,0xF8,0x44,0x08,0x44,0x08,0x17,0xF8, 0x11,0x20,0x21,0x20,0xE9,0x24,0x25,0x28,0x23,0x30,0x21,0x20,0x2F,0xFE,0x00,0x00,/*"湿",0*/ "显",0x00,0x00,0x1F,0xF0,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x1F,0xF0,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x1F,0xF0, 0x04,0x40,0x44,0x44,0x24,0x44,0x14,0x48,0x14,0x50,0x04,0x40,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x00,/*"显",0*/ "示",0x00,0x00,0x3F,0xF8,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFE,0x01,0x00, 0x01,0x00,0x11,0x10,0x11,0x08,0x21,0x04,0x41,0x02,0x81,0x02,0x05,0x00,0x02,0x00,/*"示",0*/
- 主函数代码
#include "delay.h" #include "usart.h" #include "bsp_i2c.h" #include "sys.h" #include "oled.h" #include "gui.h" #include "test.h" int main(void) { delay_init(); //延时函数初始化 uart_init(115200); IIC_Init(); NVIC_Configuration(); //设置NVIC中断分组2:2位抢占优先级,2位响应优先级 OLED_Init(); //初始化OLED OLED_Clear(0); while(1) { //printf("温度湿度显示"); read_AHT20_once(); OLED_Clear(0); delay_ms(1500); } }
2、效果显示
五、STM32+OLED上下或左右的滑动显示长字符
1、滚屏设置
- 水平左右移动
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2E,OLED_CMD); //关闭滚动 OLED_WR_Byte(0x26,OLED_CMD); //水平向左或者右滚动 26/27 OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节 OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //起始页 0 OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //滚动时间间隔 OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //终止页 7 OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节 OLED_WR_Byte(0xFF,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节 OLED_WR_Byte(0x2F,OLED_CMD); //开启滚动
- 垂直和水平滚动
OLED_WR_Byte(0x2e,OLED_CMD); //关闭滚动 OLED_WR_Byte(0x29,OLED_CMD); //水平垂直和水平滚动左右 29/2a OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节 OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //起始页 0 OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //滚动时间间隔 OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //终止页 1 OLED_WR_Byte(0x01,OLED_CMD); //垂直滚动偏移量 OLED_WR_Byte(0x2F,OLED_CMD); //开启滚动
2、代码编写
-
在
oledfont.h
文件添加文字字模点阵/*-- 文字: 欢 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "欢",0x00,0x80,0x00,0x80,0xFC,0x80,0x04,0xFC,0x05,0x04,0x49,0x08,0x2A,0x40,0x14,0x40, 0x10,0x40,0x28,0xA0,0x24,0xA0,0x45,0x10,0x81,0x10,0x02,0x08,0x04,0x04,0x08,0x02, /*-- 文字: 迎 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "迎",0x00,0x00,0x20,0x80,0x13,0x3C,0x12,0x24,0x02,0x24,0x02,0x24,0xF2,0x24,0x12,0x24, 0x12,0x24,0x12,0xB4,0x13,0x28,0x12,0x20,0x10,0x20,0x28,0x20,0x47,0xFE,0x00,0x00, /*-- 文字: 来 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "来",0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x7F,0xFC,0x01, 0x00,0x11,0x10,0x09,0x10,0x09,0x20, 0xFF,0xFE,0x03,0x80,0x05,0x40,0x09,0x20,0x31,0x18,0xC1,0x06,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00, /*-- 文字: 到 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "到",0x00,0x04,0xFF,0x84,0x08,0x04,0x10,0x24,0x22,0x24,0x41,0x24,0xFF,0xA4,0x08,0xA4, 0x08,0x24,0x08,0x24,0x7F,0x24,0x08,0x24,0x08,0x04,0x0F,0x84,0xF8,0x14,0x40,0x08, /*-- 文字: 重 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "重",0x00,0x10,0x00,0xF8,0x3F,0x00,0x01,0x00,0xFF,0xFE,0x01,0x00,0x1F,0xF0,0x11,0x10, 0x1F,0xF0,0x11,0x10,0x1F,0xF0,0x01,0x00,0x3F,0xF8,0x01,0x00,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x00, /*-- 文字: 庆 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "庆",0x01,0x00,0x00,0x80,0x3F,0xFE,0x20,0x00,0x20,0x80,0x20,0x80,0x20,0x80,0x2F,0xFC, 0x20,0x80,0x21,0x40,0x21,0x40,0x22,0x20,0x42,0x20,0x44,0x10,0x88,0x08,0x10,0x06, /*-- 文字: 交 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "交",0x02,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x08,0x20,0x24, 0x48,0x24,0x04,0x40,0x02,0x80,0x01,0x00,0x02,0x80,0x0C,0x40,0x30,0x30,0xC0,0x0E, /*-- 文字: 通 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "通",0x00,0x00,0x47,0xF8,0x20,0x10,0x21,0xA0,0x00,0x40,0x07,0xFC,0xE4,0x44,0x24,0x44, 0x27,0xFC,0x24,0x44,0x24,0x44,0x27,0xFC,0x24,0x44,0x24,0x54,0x54,0x08,0x8F,0xFE, /*-- 文字: 大 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "大",0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0xFF,0xFE,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00, 0x02,0x80,0x02,0x80,0x04,0x40,0x04,0x40,0x08,0x20,0x10,0x10,0x20,0x08,0xC0,0x06, /*-- 文字: 学 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "学",0x22,0x08,0x11,0x08,0x11,0x10,0x00,0x20,0x7F,0xFE,0x40,0x02,0x80,0x04,0x1F,0xE0, 0x00,0x40,0x01,0x80,0xFF,0xFE,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x05,0x00,0x02,0x00, /*-- 文字: 物 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "物",0x10,0x80,0x10,0x80,0x50,0x80,0x50,0xFC,0x7D,0x54,0x52,0x54,0x90,0x54,0x10,0x94, 0x1C,0x94,0xF1,0x24,0x52,0x24,0x10,0x44,0x10,0x44,0x10,0x84,0x11,0x28,0x10,0x10, /*-- 文字: 联 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "联",0x00,0x88,0xFC,0x48,0x48,0x50,0x48,0x00,0x79,0xFC,0x48,0x20,0x48,0x20,0x78,0x20, 0x4B,0xFE,0x48,0x20,0x4C,0x50,0x78,0x50,0xC8,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x09,0x04,0x0A,0x02, /*-- 文字: 网 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "网",0x00,0x00,0x7F,0xFC,0x40,0x04,0x40,0x04,0x42,0x14,0x52,0x94,0x4A,0x54,0x44,0x24, 0x44,0x24,0x4A,0x54,0x4A,0x54,0x52,0x94,0x61,0x04,0x40,0x04,0x40,0x14,0x40,0x08, /*-- 文字: 实 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "实",0x02,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x7F,0xFE,0x40,0x02,0x88,0x84,0x04,0x80,0x04,0x80,0x10,0x80, 0x08,0x80,0x08,0x80,0xFF,0xFE,0x01,0x40,0x02,0x20,0x04,0x10,0x18,0x08,0x60,0x04, /*-- 文字: 训 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "训",0x01,0x04,0x21,0x24,0x11,0x24,0x11,0x24,0x01,0x24,0x01,0x24,0xF1,0x24,0x11,0x24, 0x11,0x24,0x11,0x24,0x11,0x24,0x15,0x24,0x19,0x24,0x12,0x24,0x02,0x04,0x04,0x04, /*-- 文字: 室 --*/ /*-- 宋体12; 此字体下对应的点阵为:宽x高=16x16 --*/ "室",0x02,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x7F,0xFE,0x40,0x02,0x80,0x04,0x3F,0xF8,0x04,0x00,0x08,0x20, 0x1F,0xF0,0x01,0x10,0x01,0x00,0x3F,0xF8,0x01,0x00,0x01,0x00,0xFF,0xFE,0x00,0x00,
-
修改text.c文件中的
TEST_MainPage
函数void TEST_MainPage(void) { GUI_ShowString(0,10,"Hello,",16,1); GUI_ShowCHinese(48,10,16,"欢迎来到重庆交通大学物联网",1); GUI_ShowString (0,42,"205",16,1); GUI_ShowCHinese (24,42,16,"实训室",1); GUI_ShowString (72,42,"!",16,1); Delay_ms(1500); Delay_ms(1500); }
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主函数代码
#include "delay.h" #include "sys.h" #include "oled.h" #include "gui.h" #include "test.h" int main(void) { //delay_init(); //延时函数初始化 //NVIC_Configuration(); //设置NVIC中断分组2:2位抢占优先级,2位响应优先级 OLED_Init(); //初始化OLED OLED_Clear(0); //清屏(全黑) /*while(1) { TEST_MainPage(); //主界面显示测试 }*/ OLED_WR_Byte(0x2E,OLED_CMD); //关闭滚动 OLED_WR_Byte(0x27,OLED_CMD); //水平向左或者右滚动 26/27 OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节 OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //起始页 0 OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //滚动时间间隔 OLED_WR_Byte(0x07,OLED_CMD); //终止页 7 OLED_WR_Byte(0x00,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节 OLED_WR_Byte(0xFF,OLED_CMD); //虚拟字节 TEST_MainPage(); OLED_WR_Byte(0x2F,OLED_CMD); //开启滚动 Delay_ms(1500); Delay_ms(1500); }