数据库MySQL----50道练习题

数据表介绍

--1.学生表
Student(SId,Sname,Sage,Ssex)
--SId 学生编号,Sname 学生姓名,Sage 出生年月,Ssex 学生性别

--2.课程表
Course(CId,Cname,TId)
--CId 课程编号,Cname 课程名称,TId 教师编号

--3.教师表
Teacher(TId,Tname)
--TId 教师编号,Tname 教师姓名

--4.成绩表
SC(SId,CId,score)
--SId 学生编号,CId 课程编号,score 分数

学生表 Student

create table Student(SId varchar(10),Sname varchar(10),Sage datetime,Ssex varchar(10));
insert into Student values('01' , '赵雷' , '1990-01-01' , '男');
insert into Student values('02' , '钱电' , '1990-12-21' , '男');
insert into Student values('03' , '孙风' , '1990-12-20' , '男');
insert into Student values('04' , '李云' , '1990-12-06' , '男');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('06' , '吴兰' , '1992-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('07' , '郑竹' , '1989-01-01' , '女');
insert into Student values('09' , '张三' , '2017-12-20' , '女');
insert into Student values('10' , '李四' , '2017-12-25' , '女');
insert into Student values('11' , '李四' , '2012-06-06' , '女');
insert into Student values('12' , '赵六' , '2013-06-13' , '女');
insert into Student values('13' , '孙七' , '2014-06-01' , '女');

科目表 Course

create table Course(CId varchar(10),Cname nvarchar(10),TId varchar(10));
insert into Course values('01' , '语文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '数学' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英语' , '03');

教师表 Teacher

create table Teacher(TId varchar(10),Tname varchar(10));
insert into Teacher values('01' , '张三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

成绩表 SC

create table SC(SId varchar(10),CId varchar(10),score decimal(18,1));
insert into SC values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into SC values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into SC values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into SC values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into SC values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into SC values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into SC values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into SC values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into SC values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into SC values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into SC values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into SC values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into SC values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into SC values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into SC values('07' , '03' , 98);

 

 

1.查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数
因为需要全部的学生信息，则需要在sc表中得到符合条件的SId后与student表进行join，可以left join 也可以 right join

select * from Student RIGHT JOIN (
    select t1.SId, class1, class2 from
          (select SId, score as class1 from sc where sc.CId = '01')as t1, 
          (select SId, score as class2 from sc where sc.CId = '02')as t2
    where t1.SId = t2.SId AND t1.class1 > t2.class2
)r 
on Student.SId = r.SId;
select * from  (
    select t1.SId, class1, class2 
    from
        (SELECT SId, score as class1 FROM sc WHERE sc.CId = '01') AS t1, 
        (SELECT SId, score as class2 FROM sc WHERE sc.CId = '02') AS t2
    where t1.SId = t2.SId and t1.class1 > t2.class2
) r 
LEFT JOIN Student
ON Student.SId = r.SId;

 1.1 查询同时存在" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的情况

select * from 
    (select * from sc where sc.CId = '01') as t1, 
    (select * from sc where sc.CId = '02') as t2
where t1.SId = t2.SId;

1.2 查询存在" 01 "课程但可能不存在" 02 "课程的情况(不存在时显示为 null )
这一道就是明显需要使用join的情况了，02可能不存在，即为left join的右侧或right join 的左侧即可.

select * from 
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '01') as t1
left join 
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '02') as t2
on t1.SId = t2.SId;
select * from 
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '02') as t2
right join 
(select * from sc where sc.CId = '01') as t1
on t1.SId = t2.SId;

1.3查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况

select * from sc
where sc.SId not in (
    select SId from sc 
    where sc.CId = '01'
) 
AND sc.CId= '02';

2.查询平均成绩大于等于 60 分的同学的学生编号和学生姓名和平均成绩

这里只用根据学生ID把成绩分组，对分组中的score求平均值，最后在选取结果中AVG大于60的即可. 注意，这里必须要给计算得到的AVG结果一个alias.（AS ss）
得到学生信息的时候既可以用join也可以用一般的联合搜索。

select student.SId,sname,ss from student,(
    select SId, AVG(score) as ss from sc  
    GROUP BY SId 
    HAVING AVG(score)> 60
    )r
where student.sid = r.sid;
select Student.SId, Student.Sname, r.ss from Student right join(
      select SId, AVG(score) AS ss from sc
      GROUP BY SId
      HAVING AVG(score)> 60
)r on Student.SId = r.SId;
select s.SId,ss,Sname from(
select SId, AVG(score) as ss from sc  
GROUP BY SId 
HAVING AVG(score)> 60
)r left join 
(select Student.SId, Student.Sname from
Student)s on s.SId = r.SId;

3.查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )

select DISTINCT student.*
from student,sc
where student.SId=sc.SId;

4.查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的成绩总和联合查询不会显示没选课的学生：

select student.sid, student.sname,r.coursenumber,r.scoresum
from student,
(select sc.sid, sum(sc.score) as scoresum, count(sc.cid) as coursenumber from sc 
group by sc.sid)r
where student.sid = r.sid;

 如要显示没选课的学生(显示为NULL)，需要使用join:

select s.sid, s.sname,r.coursenumber,r.scoresum
from (
    (select student.sid,student.sname 
    from student
    )s 
    left join 
    (select 
        sc.sid, sum(sc.score) as scoresum, count(sc.cid) as coursenumber
        from sc 
        group by sc.sid
    )r 
   on s.sid = r.sid
);

4.2 查有成绩的学生信息

这一题涉及到in和exists的用法，在这种小表中，两种方法的效率都差不多，但是请参考SQL查询中in和exists的区别分析
当表2的记录数量非常大的时候，选用exists比in要高效很多.
EXISTS用于检查子查询是否至少会返回一行数据，该子查询实际上并不返回任何数据，而是返回值True或False.
结论：IN()适合B表比A表数据小的情况
结论：EXISTS()适合B表比A表数据大的情况

select * from student 
where exists (select sc.sid from sc where student.sid = sc.sid);
select * from student
where student.sid in (select sc.sid from sc);

5.查询「李」姓老师的数量

select count(*)
from teacher
where tname like '李%';

6.查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

select student.* from student,teacher,course,sc
where 
    student.sid = sc.sid 
    and course.cid=sc.cid 
    and course.tid = teacher.tid 
    and tname = '张三';

7.查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

select * from student
where student.sid not in (
  select sc.sid from sc
  group by sc.sid
  having count(sc.cid)= (select count(cid) from course)
);

8.查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信

这个用联合查询也可以，但是逻辑不清楚，我觉得较为清楚的逻辑是这样的：从sc表查询01同学的所有选课cid--从sc表查询所有同学的sid如果其cid在前面的结果中--从student表查询所有学生信息如果sid在前面的结果中

select * from student 
where student.sid in (
    select sc.sid from sc 
    where sc.cid in(
        select sc.cid from sc 
        where sc.sid = '01'
    )
);

9.查询和" 01 "号的同学学习的课程 完全相同的其他同学的信息

10.查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

仍然还是嵌套，三层嵌套， 或者多表联合查询

select * from student
    where student.sid not in(
        select sc.sid from sc where sc.cid in(
            select course.cid from course where course.tid in(
                select teacher.tid from teacher where tname = "张三"
            )
        )
    );
select * from student
where student.sid not in(
    select sc.sid from sc,course,teacher 
    where
        sc.cid = course.cid
        and course.tid = teacher.tid
        and teacher.tname= "张三"
);

11.查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号，姓名及其平均成绩
从SC表中选取score小于60的，并group by sid，having count 大于1
(更新采用评论1中的解法)

select student.SId, student.Sname,b.avg
from student RIGHT JOIN
(select sid, AVG(score) as avg from sc
    where sid in (
              select sid from sc 
              where score<60 
              GROUP BY sid 
              HAVING count(score)>1)
    GROUP BY sid) b on student.sid=b.sid;

​

12.检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60，按分数降序排列的学生信息

双表联合查询，在查询最后可以设置排序方式，语法为ORDER BY ***** DESC\ASC;

select student.*, sc.score from student, sc
where student.sid = sc.sid
and sc.score < 60
and cid = "01"
ORDER BY sc.score DESC;

13.按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

select *  from sc 
left join (
    select sid,avg(score) as avscore from sc 
    group by sid
    )r 
on sc.sid = r.sid
order by avscore desc;

14.查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分：

以如下形式显示：课程 ID，课程 name，最高分，最低分，平均分，及格率，中等率，优良率，优秀率

及格为>=60，中等为：70-80，优良为：80-90，优秀为：>=90

要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列

select 
sc.CId ,
max(sc.score)as 最高分,
min(sc.score)as 最低分,
AVG(sc.score)as 平均分,
count(*)as 选修人数,
sum(case when sc.score>=60 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 及格率,
sum(case when sc.score>=70 and sc.score<80 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 中等率,
sum(case when sc.score>=80 and sc.score<90 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 优良率,
sum(case when sc.score>=90 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)as 优秀率 
from sc
GROUP BY sc.CId
ORDER BY count(*)DESC, sc.CId ASC

15.按各科成绩进行排序，并显示排名， Score 重复时保留名次空缺

这一道题有点tricky，可以用变量，但也有更为简单的方法，即自交（左交）
用sc中的score和自己进行对比，来计算“比当前分数高的分数有几个”。

select a.cid, a.sid, a.score, count(b.score)+1 as rank
from sc as a 
left join sc as b 
on a.score<b.score and a.cid = b.cid
group by a.cid, a.sid,a.score
order by a.cid, rank ASC;

16.查询学生的总成绩，并进行排名，总分重复时保留名次空缺

set @crank=0;
select q.sid, total, @crank := @crank +1 as rank from(
select sc.sid, sum(sc.score) as total from sc
group by sc.sid
order by total desc)q;

17.统计各科成绩各分数段人数：课程编号，课程名称，[100-85]，[85-70]，[70-60]，[60-0] 及所占百分

select course.cname, course.cid,
sum(case when sc.score<=100 and sc.score>85 then 1 else 0 end) as "[100-85]",
sum(case when sc.score<=85 and sc.score>70 then 1 else 0 end) as "[85-70]",
sum(case when sc.score<=70 and sc.score>60 then 1 else 0 end) as "[70-60]",
sum(case when sc.score<=60 and sc.score>0 then 1 else 0 end) as "[60-0]"
from sc left join course
on sc.cid = course.cid
group by sc.cid;

18.查询各科成绩前三名的记录

select * from sc
where (
select count(*) from sc as a 
where sc.cid = a.cid and sc.score<a.score 
)< 3
order by cid asc, sc.score desc;

19.查询每门课程被选修的学生数

select cid, count(sid) from sc 
group by cid;

20.查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

select student.sid, student.sname from student
where student.sid in
(select sc.sid from sc
group by sc.sid
having count(sc.cid)=2
);

 

21.查询男生、女生人数

select ssex, count(*) from student
group by ssex;

22.查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

select *
from student 
where student.Sname like '%风%'

23.查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数

select sname, count(*) from student
group by sname
having count(*)>1;

24.查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

select *
from student
where YEAR(student.Sage)=1990;

25.查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩降序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程编号升序排列

select sc.cid, course.cname, AVG(SC.SCORE) as average from sc, course
where sc.cid = course.cid
group by sc.cid 
order by average desc,cid asc;

26.查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

select student.sid, student.sname, AVG(sc.score) as aver from student, sc
where student.sid = sc.sid
group by sc.sid
having aver > 85;

27.查询课程名称为「数学」，且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

select student.sname, sc.score from student, sc, course
where student.sid = sc.sid
and course.cid = sc.cid
and course.cname = "数学"
and sc.score < 60;

28.查询所有学生的课程及分数情况（存在学生没成绩，没选课的情况）

select student.sname, cid, score from student
left join sc
on student.sid = sc.sid;

29.查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

select student.sname, course.cname,sc.score from student,course,sc
where sc.score>70
and student.sid = sc.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid;

30.查询不及格的课程

select cid from sc
where score< 60
group by cid;
select DISTINCT sc.CId
from sc
where sc.score <60;

 

31.查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名

select student.sid,student.sname 
from student,sc
where cid="01"
and score>=80
and student.sid = sc.sid;

32.求每门课程的学生人数

select sc.CId,count(*) as 学生人数
from sc
GROUP BY sc.CId;

33.成绩不重复，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

select student.*, sc.score, sc.cid from student, teacher, course,sc 
where teacher.tid = course.tid
and sc.sid = student.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid
and teacher.tname = "张三"
having max(sc.score);
select student.*, sc.score, sc.cid from student, teacher, course,sc 
where teacher.tid = course.tid
and sc.sid = student.sid
and sc.cid = course.cid
and teacher.tname = "张三"
order by score desc
limit 1;

34.成绩有重复的情况下，查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

UPDATE sc SET score=90
where sid = "07"
and cid ="02";

 

35.查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

select  a.cid, a.sid,  a.score from sc as a
inner join 
sc as b
on a.sid = b.sid
and a.cid != b.cid
and a.score = b.score
group by cid, sid;

36.查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

select a.sid,a.cid,a.score from sc as a 
left join sc as b 
on a.cid = b.cid and a.score<b.score
group by a.cid, a.sid
having count(b.cid)<2
order by a.cid;

37.统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过 5 人的课程才统计）。

select sc.cid, count(sid) as cc from sc
group by cid
having cc >5;

 

38.检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

select sid, count(cid) as cc from sc
group by sid
having cc>=2;

 

39.查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

select student.*
from sc ,student 
where sc.SId=student.SId
GROUP BY sc.SId
HAVING count(*) = (select DISTINCT count(*) from course )

41.按照出生日期来算，当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则，年龄减一

select student.SId as 学生编号,student.Sname  as  学生姓名,
TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR,student.Sage,CURDATE()) as 学生年龄
from student

42.查询本周过生日的学生

select *
from student 
where WEEKOFYEAR(student.Sage)=WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE());

 43.查询下周过生日的学生

select *
from student 
where WEEKOFYEAR(student.Sage)=WEEKOFYEAR(CURDATE())+1;

44.查询本月过生日的学生

select *
from student 
where MONTH(student.Sage)=MONTH(CURDATE());

45.查询下月过生日的学生

select *
from student 
where MONTH(student.Sage)=MONTH(CURDATE())+1;