英语系统语法书面记载：高级语法 2, 3 的特殊句式和补充知识

While you still have time, do your best to do what you want to do most, become the kind of person you want to be, and live the kind of life you want to live the most.

1. 倒装句（Inversion）

• 完全倒装：当句子以副词here, there, now, then开头时，或者为了强调地点状语而将其置于句首时，可以使用完全倒装。

  • 例句：Here comes the bus. (公共汽车来了。)
  • 例句：At the door stood a man in uniform. (门口站着一个穿制服的人。)

• 部分倒装：当句子以否定词或短语开头（如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, not only... but also, no sooner... than, hardly... when等）时，常使用部分倒装。

  • 例句：Never have I seen such a beautiful sight. (我从未见过如此美丽的景象。)
  • 例句：No sooner had she arrived than it began to rain. (她一到就开始下雨了。)

2. 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）

虚拟语气用于表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等情况，不表示事实。

• 条件句中的虚拟语气：

  • 对现在的虚拟：If I were you, I would take the job. (如果我是你的话，我会接受这份工作。)
  • 对过去的虚拟：If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam. (如果他学习更努力些，他就通过考试了。)

• 名词从句中的虚拟语气：

  • 表示建议、要求、命令等：It is important that he (should) attend the meeting. (重要的是他应该参加会议。)

3. 分裂句（Cleft Sentences）

分裂句是一种特殊的强调句型，通过改变句子结构来突出某个成分。

• It + be + 强调部分 + that/who + 其余部分：
  • 例句：It was John who broke the window. (是约翰打破了窗户。)
  • 例句：It is this book that I need. (我需要的就是这本书。)

4. 比较结构（Comparative Structures）

比较结构用来对比两个事物。

• as...as 结构：She is as tall as her sister. (她和她姐姐一样高。)
• than 结构：He is taller than his brother. (他比他的哥哥高。)
• 比较级前加修饰语：This movie is much more interesting than that one. (这部电影比那部有趣得多。)

5. 不定式和动名词（Infinitives and Gerunds）

不定式（to + 动词原形）和动名词（动词+ing形式）都可以作为名词使用，但在某些情况下只能用其中一种。

• 例句：I like to read. (我喜欢阅读。) vs. I enjoy reading. (我喜欢阅读。)