史上最强，接口自动化测试Requests库实战超细详解

一、requests库

Requests is an elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings.
Requests库就是一个使用Python语言发送HTTP请求的一个类库。
github地址：https://github.com/psf/requests

中文地址：https://2.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html

二、发送基本请求

1. import requests

3. base_url = "http://httpbin.org"

5. #发送get请求

6. r = requests.get(base_url+"/get")

7. print(r.status_code)

9. #发送post请求

10. r = requests.post(base_url+'/post')

11. print(r.status_code)

13. #发送put请求

14. r = requests.put(base_url+"/put")

15. print(r.status_code)

17. #发送delete请求

18. r = requests.delete(base_url+"/delete")

19. print(r.status_code)

三、参数传递

1. import requests

3. url = "http://httpbin.org"

5. param_data = {"name":"shiyan","password":"123456789"}

7. #get请求传递参数

8. r = requests.get(url+"/get",params=param_data)

9. print(r.url)

10. print(r.status_code)

12. param_data = {"name":"wangzhi","password":"20190001"}

13. #post请求传递参数

14. r = requests.post(url+"/post",data=param_data)

15. print(r.text)

四、请求头设置

1. import requests

3. url = "http://httpbin.org"

5. header = {"token":"201909011313"}

7. r = requests.get(url+"/get",headers=header)

9. print(r.text)

案例:访问知乎首页

1. import requests

3. url = "https://www.baidu.com/"

5. r = requests.get(url)

7. cookies = r.cookies

9. print(cookies)

11. for key,value in cookies.items():

12. print(key+":"+value)

 四、cookies设置

1. import requests

3. url = "http://httpbin.org"

5. cookie = {"username":"shiyan"}

7. r = requests.get(url+"/get",cookies=cookie)

9. print(r.text)

五、超时设置

1. import requests

3. url = "http://httpbin.org"

5. r = requests.get(url+"/get",timeout=5)

7. print(r.text)

六、上传文件

1. import requests

3. #登录

4. loginUrl = "http://testapp.airspace.cn/api/passport/app/loginByPwd"

6. #loginName: 15201438478, password: 123456a, deviceVersion: PCT-AL10, deviceOsVersion: 9, appVersion: 1.1.6

7. loginParam = {"loginName":"15201438478","password":"123456a","deviceVersion":"PCT-AL10","deviceOsVersion":"9","appVersion":"1.1.6"}

9. r = requests.post(loginUrl,params=loginParam)

11. print(r.json())

13. loginToken = r.json()["data"]["loginToken"]

15. print(loginToken)

17. #图片上传

18. uploadImageUrl = "http://testapp.airspace.cn/api/image/upload"

20. headers = {"Token":loginToken}

22. files = {'image': open('upload.png', 'rb')}

24. r = requests.post(uploadImageUrl,files=files,headers=headers)

26. print(r.json())

七、会话对象

1. import requests

3. url = "http://httpbin.org"

5. #设置cookie

6. r = requests.get(url+"/cookies/set/user/shiyan")

7. print(r.text)

9. #获取cookie

10. r = requests.get(url+"/cookies")

11. print(r.text)

结果

1. import requests

3. url = "http://httpbin.org"

5. s = requests.session()

7. #设置cookie

8. r = s.get(url+"/cookies/set/user/shiyan")

9. print(r.text)

11. #获取cookie

12. r = s.get(url+"/cookies")

13. print(r.text)

结果

八、ssl验证

1. import requests

3. url = "https://www.12306.cn"

5. r = requests.get(url,verify=False)

7. print(r.text)

通过设置verify=False可以关闭ssl验证。

九、代理设置

1. import requests

3. url = "http://httpbin.org"

5. proxies = {"http":"http://111.231.140.109:8888"}

7. r = requests.get(url+"/get",proxies=proxies)

9. print(r.text)

结果

通过结果我们发现，通过代理发送请求后，服务器端收到的origin这个客户端地址就是我们设置的代理地址，客户端设置代理后，可以通过代理发送请求，防止请求接口次数过多时，服务器把客户端对应的ip地址添加到黑名单中。

十、身份认证

1. import requests

2. from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth

4. url = "http://httpbin.org"

6. #basic-auth认证

7. r = requests.get(url+"/basic-auth/shiyan/8888",auth=HTTPBasicAuth("shiyan","8888"))

8. print(r.text)

10. #digest-auth认证

11. r = requests.get(url+"/digest-auth/auth/shiyan/8888",auth=HTTPDigestAuth("shiyan","8888"))

12. print(r.text)

十一、实战 天气api

免费天气接口地址：天气免费 API | 天气API接口 | 天气JSON API | 天气XML API | JSON在线免费 API

1. import requests

3. url = "http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/"

5. cityId = "101030100"

7. r = requests.get(url+cityId)

9. response = r.json()

11. print(response["cityInfo"]["city"])

13. print(response["data"]["forecast"][0]["ymd"])

 十二、unittest 实战天气api

1. import unittest

2. import requests

4. class WeatherTest(unittest.TestCase):

6. #开始

7. def setUp(self):

9. print("接口测试开始")

11. self.baseUrl = "http://t.weather.sojson.com/api/weather/city/"

13. #接口正常测试

14. def test_weather_tianjin(self):

16. self.url = self.baseUrl +"101030100"

18. r = requests.get(self.url)

20. response = r.json()

22. self.assertEqual(response["status"],200)

24. self.assertEqual(response["cityInfo"]["city"],"天津市")

26. #接口参数错误

27. def test_weather_params_error(self):

29. self.url = self.baseUrl + "8888"

31. r = requests.get(self.url)

33. response = r.json()

35. self.assertEqual(response["status"],404)

37. self.assertEqual(response["message"],"Request resource not found.")

39. #接口参数不传

40. def test_weather_params_no(self):

42. self.url = self.baseUrl

44. r = requests.get(self.url)

46. response = r.json()

48. self.assertEqual(response["status"], 404)

50. self.assertEqual(response["message"], "Request resource not found.")

52. #结束

53. def tearDown(self):

55. print("接口测试结束")

十三、测试报告生成

1.编写run脚本:run.py

1. import unittest

2. from BSTestRunner import BSTestRunner

3. import time

5. #指定测试用例和测试报告的路径

6. test_dir = "."

7. report_dir = "./reports"

9. #加载测试用例

10. discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir,pattern="unittest_weather_api.py")

12. #定义报告的文件格式

13. now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")

14. report_name = report_dir + "/" + now + "test_report.html"

16. #运行用例并生成报告

17. with open(report_name,"wb") as f:

18. runner = BSTestRunner(stream=f,title="Weather Api Test Report",description="China City Weather Test Report")

19. runner.run(discover)

2.执行脚本
案例图示如下:

3.生成接口测试报告
效果图示如下：

 

总结：

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