直方图
1.导入numpy模块、pyplot模块,并分别取别名为np、plt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
2.生成10000个随机数和20000个随机数
random_state1 = np.random.RandomState(19680801)
random_x1 = random_state1.randn(10000)
random_state2 = np.random.RandomState(19680800)
random_x2 = random_state2.randn(20000)
3. 创建代表画布的Figure类的对象fig以及在画布fig上添加坐标系风格的绘画区域ax,绘制包含25个矩形条的两组直方图(并排展示)
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.hist([random_x1,random_x2],bins=25)
plt.show()
展示图表结果如下:
饼图
1. 导入numpy模块、pyplot模块,并分别取别名为np、plt
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
2.设置中文和外侧说明文字
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
kinds = ['购物', '人情往来', '餐饮美食', '通信物流', '生活日用', '交通出行', '休闲娱乐', '其他']
3.准备数据以及爆炸程度
money_scale = [800, 100, 1000, 200, 300, 200, 200, 200]
dev_position = [0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1]
4.绘制和展示图表
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.pie(money_scale,radius=1.0,
wedgeprops={'width':0.5},
pctdistance=3/4.,
labels=kinds,autopct='%.1f%%',shadow=False,
explode=dev_position,
startangle=180)
plt.show()
展示图表结果如下:
散点图
1. 导入numpy模块、pyplot模块,并分别取别名为np、plt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
2.设置中文和准备数据
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
x_speed = np.arange(10, 210, 10)
y_distance = np.array([0.5, 2.0, 4.4, 7.9, 12.3,
17.7, 24.1, 31.5, 39.9, 49.2,
59.5, 70.8, 83.1, 96.4, 110.7,
126.0, 142.2, 159.4, 177.6, 196.8])
3.生成一个等距递增数列
area = np.linspace(20,300,20)
4.绘制气泡图并设置为粉色,最后展示图表
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.scatter(x_speed,y_distance,s=area,c='pink')
plt.show()
展示图表结果如下:
误差棒
1. 导入numpy模块、pyplot模块,并分别取别名为np、plt和设置中文
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
2.准备 x 轴和 y 轴的数据
x = np.arange(3)
y1 = np.array([2.04,1.57,1.63])
y2 = np.array([1.69,1.61,1.64])
y3 = np.array([4.65,4.99,4.94])
y4 = np.array([3.39,2.33,4.10])
3.指定测量偏差
error1 = [0.16,0.08,0.10]
error2 = [0.27,0.14,0.14]
error3 = [0.34,0.32,0.29]
error4 = [0.23,0.23,0.39]
bar_width = 0.2
4.绘制柱形图
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.bar(x,y1,bar_width)
ax.bar(x+bar_width,y2,bar_width,align="center",
tick_label=["春季","夏季","秋季"])
ax.bar(x+2*bar_width,y3,bar_width)
ax.bar(x+3*bar_width,y4,bar_width)
5.绘制误差棒和展示图表
ax.errorbar(x,y1,yerr=error1,capsize=3,elinewidth=2,fmt='k*')
ax.errorbar(x+bar_width,y2,yerr=error2,capsize=3,elinewidth=2,fmt='k*')
ax.errorbar(x+2*bar_width,y3,yerr=error3,capsize=3,elinewidth=2,fmt='k*')
ax.errorbar(x+3*bar_width,y4,yerr=error4,capsize=3,elinewidth=2,fmt='k*')
plt.show()
展示图表结果如下: