【大一程序设计基础作业】P216Ex3重载运算符实现Vector类+、-、*运算（完整代码已附文末）

假设有向量X=(x1,x2,...,xn)和Y=(y1,y2,...,yn)，他们之间的加、减、乘运算分别定义为：

X+Y=(x1+y1,x2+y2,...,xn+yn)

X-Y=(x1-y1,x2-y2,...,xn-yn)

X*Y=(x1*y1,x2*y2,...,xn*yn)

编写程序定义向量类Vector，重载运算符+，-，*和=，实现向量之间的加，减，乘和赋值运算；重载运算符>>、<<实现向量的输入输出功能。注意检测运算的合法性。

依题意得，Vector类应该用动态数组实现，所以首先写出构造函数对Vector类进行初始化;写出析构函数进行使用后空间释放

Vector(int);
Vector(double*,int); 
~Vector();
{/*…*/}
Vector::Vector(int n)
 { v = new double[n];
 len = n; 
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
v[i] = 0; }
Vector::Vector(double* p, int n)
{
    v = new double[n];
    len = n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        v[i] = p[i];
}
Vector::~Vector { delete v; v = NULL; len = 0; }

之后便是老生常谈的运算符重载了，还是要注意拷贝构造函数和赋值运算符重载的配合使用

Vector& Vector::operator=(Vector a)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        v[i] = a[i];
    return *this;
}
Vector::Vector(const Vector& a)
{
    v = new double [a.len];
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        v[i] = a.v[3];
}

结合上一篇博客，可以对比一下拷贝构造函数和赋值运算符重载在不同情况下的使用

提一嘴[]运算符的重载。[]的重载目的在于可以直接 对象[整形] 的方式来访问对象中的成员，而无需使用 对象.成员[] 的格式。[]运算符的重载只能使用成员函数进行重载，参考代码：

double& operator[](int i)const { return this->v[i]; }

剩下的运算符重载与之前的无太大差别，这边不再赘述，直接给出完整代码：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vector
{
private: double* v; int len;
public:
    Vector(int);
    Vector(double*,int);
    Vector(const Vector& a);
    ~Vector() { delete v; v = NULL; len = 0; }
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream&, Vector&);
    friend istream& operator>>(istream&, Vector&); 
    double& operator[](int i)const { return this->v[i]; }
    Vector& operator=(Vector);
    friend Vector operator+(Vector&, Vector&);
    friend Vector operator-(Vector&, Vector&);
    friend Vector operator*(Vector&, Vector&); 
};
Vector::Vector(int n) { v = new double[n]; len = n; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)v[i] = 0; }
Vector::Vector(double* p, int n)
{
    v = new double[n];
    len = n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        v[i] = p[i];
}
Vector::Vector(const Vector& a)
{
    v = new double [a.len];
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        v[i] = a.v[3];
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Vector& a)
{
    out << '(';
    for (int i = 0; i < a.len-1; i++)
        out << a[i]<<',';
    out << a[a.len - 1] << ')';
    return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in, Vector& a)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < a.len; i++)
        in >> a[i] ;
    return in;
}
Vector& Vector::operator=(Vector a)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
        v[i] = a[i];
    return *this;
}
Vector operator+(Vector& a, Vector& b)
{
    int size;
    size = a.len;
    double*p= new double[a.len];
        for (int i = 0; i < a.len; i++)
            p[i] = a[i] + b[i];
    return Vector(p,size);
}
Vector operator*(Vector& a, Vector& b)
{
    int size;
    size = a.len;
    double* p = new double[a.len];
    for (int i = 0; i < a.len; i++)
        p[i] = a[i] * b[i];
    return Vector(p, size);
}
Vector operator-(Vector& a, Vector& b)
{
    int size;
    size = a.len;
    double* p = new double[a.len];
    for (int i = 0; i < a.len; i++)
        p[i] = a[i] - b[i];
    return Vector(p, size);
}
int main()
{
    int size1, size2;
    cout << "请输入两个向量的元素个数:\n";
    IN:cin >> size1 >> size2;
    if (size1 != size2)
    {
        cout << "向量维度不同，无法进行计算，请重新输入！\n";
        goto IN;
    }Vector a(size1), b(size2);
    cout << "请输入第一个向量a：";
    cin >> a;
    cout << "请输入第二个向量b：";
    cin >> b;
    Vector c(size1);
    cout << "a=" << a;
    cout << "\nb=" << b;
    c = a+b;
    cout << "\na+b="<<c;
    c = a - b;
    cout << "\na-b=" << c;
    c = a * b;
    cout << "\na*b=" << c;
}