（第二十一天）

1 、 centos7 中安装 mysql 8.x

（ 1 ）下载安装包

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.33-

1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

（ 2 ）解压

tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

（ 3 ）卸载 maridb

yum -y remov mariadb-libs.x86_64

（ 4 ）下载 net-tools

yum -y install net-tools

（ 5 ）下载 rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.33-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

按要求一个一个依赖包下载，最后达到 server 软件包成功下载即可

（ 6 ）修改配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf // 添加 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*

（ 7 ）初始化配置 mysql

mysqld --initialize

（ 8 ）启动 mysql 服务

systemctl start mysqld.service

（ 9 ）设置 mysql 开机自启

systemctl enable mysqld

（ 10 ）获得初始化密码

cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password

2024-08-02T02:04:03.141224Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password

is generated for root@localhost: !iI-ht4hXM5,

（ 11 ）使用初始密码登陆

mysql -uroot -p

!iI-ht4hXM5,

（ 12 ）设置密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY

'Root@123456';

在 mysql 内将密码修改为 Root@123456

（ 13 ）修改远程权限

create user 'root'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'Root@123456';

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' with grant option;

flush privileges;

2 、 mysql 基础操作

（ 1 ）创建库

mysql> create datababse test charset utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

（ 2 ）查看库

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

| test |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（ 3 ）删除库

mysql> drop database hh;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

（ 4 ）选择使用数据库

mysql> use test;

Database changed

（ 5 ）创建表

mysql> create table student(

-> id int not null auto_increment,

-> name varchar(20) not null,

-> passwd varchar(20) not null,

-> primary key (id)

-> )comment = 'us';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

（ 6 ）查看表

mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_test |

+----------------+

| student |

| user |

+----------------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（ 7 ）删除表

mysql> drop table student;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

（ 8 ）查看表结构

mysql> describe user;

+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

| id | int | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |

| username | varchar(45) | NO | UNI | NULL | |

| password | varchar(45) | NO | | NULL | |

+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

3 rows in set (0.01 sec)

（ 9 ）查看创建表代码

mysql> show create table user;

+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------+

| Table | Create Table

|

+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------+

| user | CREATE TABLE `user` (

`id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`username` varchar(45) NOT NULL,

`password` varchar(45) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

UNIQUE KEY `username_UNIQUE` (`username`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COMMENT='us' |

+-------+--------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（ 10 ）新增列

mysql> alter table user add column realname varchar(20) null after password;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

（ 11 ）修改列名

mysql> alter table user change column realname zsxm varchar(20) null default

null;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

（ 12 ）删除列

mysql> alter table user drop column zsxm;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

（ 13 ）添加记录

mysql> insert into user(id,username,password) values(5,' 小六 ','xiaoliu'),(6,' 小

七 ','xiaoqi');

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

（ 14 ）查看记录

mysql> select * from user;

+----+----------+----------+

| id | username | password |

+----+----------+----------+

| 1 | 张三 | 123 |

| 2 | 赵六 | zhaoliu |

| 3 | 王五 | wangwu |

| 4 | 李四 | lisi |

| 5 | 小六 | xiaoliu |

| 6 | 小七 | xiaoqi |

+----+----------+----------+

6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（ 15 ）删除记录

mysql> delete from user where username=' 张三 ';

（ 16 ）修改记录

mysql> update user set password=123 where username=' 小六 ';

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0

3 、 mysql 图示化操作软件使用

打开软件

点击加号 ------------- 输入连接名字（随便） ------------hostname （数据库主机的 ip 地址） -------------------

---ok

点击 mysql02

输入密码

进入软件

如果出现以下页面： 1 、检查防火墙 2 、查看是否为远程授权