（第四十天）配置完整的考试系统，完成前端和后端并优化，mysql后端，nginx前端，java连接

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于 2024-09-03 09:31:02 发布

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文章标签：运维 linux centos nginx 云计算网络

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2301_78422961/article/details/141847395

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1 、使用 harbor 仓库

python --version

yum -y update

yum -y install python2-pip

pip install --upgrade pip == 20 .3 -i .......

pip install docker-compose -i .......

sh docker.sh

解压 harbor

vim harbor.yml

./prepare

./installed

使用 nginx 发布 web 服务

使用 registry 管理

2 、 docker-compose 的编排

在学习 kubernetes 之前的热身

通过运行一个 yum 管理 docker 容器

docker-compose.yml

vim docker-compose.yml

version: "3"

services:

nginx:

contanner_name: name0

image: nginx:latest

ports:

- "80:80"

volums:

- /opt/web/:/usr/share/nginx/html/

一、项目 - 使用 docker 部署 project-exam-system

1 、背景

在一台主机之内，实现容器的编排，发布考试系统

2 、环境准备

# 部署 docker 环境

[root@docker ~] # sh docker.sh

[root@docker ~] # vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

{

"registry-mirrors" : [

"https://do.nark.eu.org" ,

"https://dc.j8.work" ,

"https://docker.m.daocloud.io" ,

"https://dockerproxy.com" ,

"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn" ,

"https://docker.nju.edu.cn"

"host" : [

"tcp://0.0.0.0:2375" ,

"unix:///var/run/docker.sock"

"insecure-registries" : [

"http://10.0.0.7:5000"

]

}

[root@docker ~] # vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

ExecStart = /usr/bin/dockerd

[root@docker ~] # systemctl daemon-reload

[root@docker ~] # systemctl start docker

[root@docker ~] # docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

3 、前端配置

前端使用 nginx 服务

1 ）测试：容器搭建 nginx 服务

# 拉取 nginx 镜像

[root@docker ~] # docker pull nginx

[root@docker ~] # docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

nginx latest 5ef79149e0ec 2 weeks ago 188MB

# 创建一个容器测试一下 nginx 服务

[root@docker ~] # docker run -itd -p80:80 nginx:latest

fc8a6e06f77d877c8341c8a5aed3ec50fa448918bc672b2e330db8060b947a57

[root@docker ~] # docker ps -a

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED

STATUS PORTS NAMES

fc8a6e06f77d nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 10 seconds ago Up 9

seconds 0 .0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp busy_mccarthy

[root@docker ~] # docker exec -it fc8a ls /usr/share/nginx/html

50x.html index.html

# 在容器启动后， nginx 服务就自动发布了

[root@docker ~] # curl localhost

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>

<style>

html { color-scheme: light dark; }

body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto;

font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; }

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>

<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and

working. Further configuration is required.</p>

<p>For online documentation and support please refer to

<a href = "http://nginx.org/" >nginx.org</a>.<br/>

Commercial support is available at

<a href = "http://nginx.com/" >nginx.com</a>.</p>

<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>

</body>

</html>

# 主机浏览器访问

2 ）上传前端项目映射到容器中

# 上传前端项目 dist

# 创建一个目录，不单独放置前端的资料，将后端的所有资料也都放在这里

[root@docker ~] # mkdir project_exam_system

[root@docker ~] # cd project_exam_system/

[root@docker project_exam_system] # mkdir web

[root@docker ~] # unzip project_exam_system.zip

[root@docker ~] # mv dist project_exam_system/web/

[root@docker ~] # cd project_exam_system

[root@docker project_exam_system] # ls

web

[root@docker project_exam_system] # cd web/

[root@docker web] # ls

dist

# 将测试容器删除

[root@docker web] # docker rm -f fc8

fc8

# 再创建容器，映射端口，挂载目录

[root@docker project_exam_system] # docker run -itd -p80:80 -v

/root/project_exam_system/web/dist/:/usr/share/nginx/html/ nginx:latest

98646a277c8bd126a3fd39453707b5ab66a8869be963e3680653610c991e46af

[root@docker project_exam_system] # docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED

STATUS PORTS NAMES

98646a277c8b nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 9 seconds ago Up 9

seconds 0 .0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp unruffled_gauss

3 ）结果展示

出现问题，在实现登录时，出现后端异常，原因是后端还没有配置。

从上面图片可以看出来，请求的域名为 bu.yuanyu.zhangmin ，现在我们需要将域名劫持下来，将该域名指向我们的linux 主机，在 linux 主机中使用容器搭建后端服务器，所以要在本机的 hosts 文件中写入域名的对应关系，使其指向linux 主机

配置完成后，本机能够 ping 通 bu.yuanyu.zhangmin 域名并由 10.0.0.7 主机回应即配置成功

4 、后端配置

后端的业务 springboot

优点：不用单独部署 tomcat ，已经在 springboot 中内置 tomcat

1 ）测试：在 centos 容器中配置 java 环境，修改数据库地址并运行 war 包

# 拉取基础 centos 镜像

[root@docker ~] # docker pull centos

# 创建 centos 容器

[root@docker ~] # docker run -it centos:latest /bin/bash

[root@d34e6c6d34d7 /] # ls

bin etc lib lost + found mnt proc run srv tmp var

dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr

[root@d34e6c6d34d7 /] # [root@docker ~]#

# 试图使用 scp 将服务器上的 war 包上传给容器中去，发现上传不了

[root@docker ~] # scp Project_ExamSystem-V1.0.0.war root@172.17.0.3:~

ssh : connect to host 172 .17.0.3 port 22 : Connection refused

lost connection

# 查看 docker 帮助文档

[root@docker ~] # docker --help

cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem

# 查看 docker cp 帮助文档

[root@docker ~] # docker cp --help

Usage: docker cp [OPTIONS] CONTAINER:SRC_PATH DEST_PATH|-

docker cp [OPTIONS] SRC_PATH|- CONTAINER:DEST_PATH

[root@docker ~] # docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED

STATUS PORTS NAMES

d34e6c6d34d7 centos:latest "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Up

3 minutes gifted_brown

98646a277c8b nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 31 minutes ago Up

31 minutes 0 .0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp unruffled_gauss

# 使用 cp 命令将服务器中的 war 包、 jdk 包、 application.properties 文件上传到容器中

# 需要 jdk17 版本

[root@docker ~] # docker cp Project_ExamSystem-V1.0.0.war d34e:/

Successfully copied 41MB to d34e:/

[root@docker ~] # docker cp jdk-17_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz d34e:/

Successfully copied 183MB to d34e:/

[root@docker ~] # docker cp application.properties d34e:/

Successfully copied 4 .1kB to d34e:/

# 进入到容器中

# 对已经传到容器的文件进行部署

[root@docker ~] # docker attach d34e

# 查看，是否上传成功

[root@d34e6c6d34d7 /] # ls

Project_ExamSystem-V1.0.0.war dev jdk-17_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz lost + found

opt run sys var

application.properties etc lib media proc sbin

tmp

bin home lib64 mnt root srv usr

# 创建 jdk 目录

[root@d34e6c6d34d7 /] # mkdir /usr/local/jdk

# 将 jdk 包解压到 jdk 目录下

[root@d34e6c6d34d7 /] # tar -zxf jdk-17_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz -C

/usr/local/jdk/ --strip-components=1

# 查看解压是否成功

[root@d34e6c6d34d7 /] # ls /usr/local/jdk/

LICENSE README bin conf include jmods legal lib man release

# 修改 application.properties 文件内容，指定数据库位置

[root@d34e6c6d34d7 /] # vi application.properties

spring.datasource .url = jdbc:mysql://10.0.0.7:3306/project_exam_system

# 使用 java 命令运行 war 包

[root@d34e6c6d34d7 /] # /usr/local/jdk/bin/java -jar Project_ExamSystem

V1.0.0.war

: Started ProjectExamSystemApplication in 16 .425 seconds (process

running for 18 .114)

# ctrl p q 退出容器

read escape sequence

# 测试 war 包是否正常运行

# 以下显示表示正常

[root@docker ~] # curl 172.17.0.3:8080

{ "code" :20002, "msg" : " 账号不存在或密码错误 " }[root@docker ~] #

2 ）将 centos 容器封装为 java 镜像并创建 java 容器

# 查看 commit 帮助文档

[root@docker ~] # docker commit --help

Usage: docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

# 根据容器创建镜像

[root@docker ~] # docker commit d34 java:v0

sha256:1d715d202236751037fc5f67084c2e437e4aeb3159f5a9e74017d8f555e1767d

[root@docker ~] # docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

java v0 1d715d202236 31 seconds ago 774MB

nginx latest 5ef79149e0ec 2 weeks ago 188MB

centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB

# 停止 centos 容器

[root@docker ~] # docker stop d34

d34

# 移除 centos 容器

[root@docker ~] # docker rm d34

d34

# 根据新建的镜像，创建容器

[root@docker ~] # docker run -itd -p8080:8080 java:v0 /usr/local/jdk/bin/java

-jar Project_ExamSystem-V1.0.0.war

9337c1beb386d63b6c9ddc3bf25c1830af16505e6e29844a4599a10b2888f16c

# 查看容器的进程

[root@docker ~] # docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED

STATUS PORTS NAMES

9337c1beb386 java:v0 "/usr/local/jdk/bin/…" 4 seconds ago Up

3 seconds 0 .0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp boring_einstein

98646a277c8b nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" About an hour ago Up

About an hour 0 .0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp unruffled_gauss

3 ）结果展示

浏览器访问，出现 500 错误，说明 java 项目部署不对，主要是数据库未导入数据。

5 、数据持久化业务 mysql-5.7.44

1 ）配置 mysql 容器并导入 sql 数据

# 拉取 mysql:5.7.44

[root@docker ~] # docker pull mysql:5.7.44

[root@docker ~] # docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE

java v0 1d715d202236 3 hours ago 774MB

nginx latest 5ef79149e0ec 2 weeks ago 188MB

mysql 5 .7.44 5107333e08a8 8 months ago 501MB

centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB

# 创建 mysql 容器

[root@docker ~] # docker run -itd -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -p3306:3306

mysql:5.7.44

9f30dfb770753a5b50872f29d961da87e41e7dcdfcd3e9e187193a8384cd2990

[root@docker ~] # docker ps

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED

STATUS PORTS NAMES

9f30dfb77075 mysql:5.7.44 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 13 seconds ago Up 11

seconds 0 .0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060 /tcp

heuristic_varahamihira

9337c1beb386 java:v0 "/usr/local/jdk/bin/…" 3 hours ago Up 3

hours 0 .0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp

boring_einstein

98646a277c8b nginx:latest "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 hours ago Up 4

hours 0 .0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp

unruffled_gauss

# 创建 mysql 目录

[root@docker ~] # mkdir mysql

# 将 sql 文件移动到 mysql 目录下

[root@docker ~] # mv project_exam_system.sql project_exam_system/mysql/

# 使用 Navicat Premium 应用软件将 sql 文件中的数据导入到数据库中

2 ）进入数据库中创建指定用户并为用户授权

# 进入数据库中查看数据

[root@docker project_exam_system] # docker exec -it 9f30 mysql -uroot -proot

mysql> show databases;

+ --------------------- +

| Database |

+ --------------------- +

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| project_exam_system |

| sys |

+ --------------------- +

5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use project_exam_system

mysql> show tables;

+ ------------------------------- +

| Tables_in_project_exam_system |

+ ------------------------------- +

| admin |

| category |

| com_city |

| com_nation |

| course |

| dept |

| dept_student |

| exam |

| exam_dept |

| exam_process |

| loginlog |

| major |

| menu |

| paper |

| paper_topic |

| role |

| role_admin |

| role_menu |

| semester |

| student |

| teacher |

| topic |

| user |

+ ------------------------------- +

23 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user;

+ ----- + -------------- + ---------- + -------- + --------------------- + ---------- + --

------------------- + -------- + ------- +

editTime | editOr | isDel |

+ ----- + -------------- + ---------- + -------- + --------------------- + ---------- + --

------------------- + -------- + ------- +

| 1 | 21001189 | 111111 | 0 | 2024 -08-21 09 :45:05 | NULL |

2024 -08-22 22 :04:44 | NULL | 0 |

| 2 | 21001190 | 111111 | 0 | 2024 -08-21 09 :45:05 | NULL |