物理学实验之python绘图_太阳能电池

这个实验需要绘两幅图：电流电压特性曲线和输出功率-电压的关系图。

电流电压特性曲线图的源码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import make_interp_spline
import math
from pylab import mpl

# 配置代码，表示允许使用中文
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
# 设置正常显示符号
mpl.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False
    
x1 = np.array([0.23,0.43,0.88,1.38,1.91,2.36,2.73,2.75,2.76,2.77,2.80,2.81,2.87,2.89,2.99,3.06,3.11,3.15,3.18,3.21])
y1 = np.array([33.1,33.0,33.0,32.9,32.8,32.5,30.3,30.1,29.4,29.5,29.3,28.7,27.7,27.3,23.1,18.9,14.7,10.9, 6.8, 2.9])
plt.scatter(x1, y1,color='red')
plt.plot(x1, y1, color='red',label='单点池，0°，60cm')

#输入第二组的数据
x2 = np.array([0.19,0.64,1.12,1.40,1.76,2.15,2.43,2.57,2.59,2.61,2.63,2.66,2.69,2.73,2.80,2.91,3.01,3.08,3.13,3.16])
y2 = np.array([20.0,19.9,19.9,19.9,19.8,19.6,19.2,18.8,18.6,18.5,18.4,18.3,18.1,17.5,16.9,14.9,11.9, 8.4, 5.4, 3.1])
plt.scatter(x2, y2,color='yellow')
plt.plot(x2, y2, color='yellow',label='单点池，0°，75cm')

#输入第三组的数据
x3 = np.array([0.44,0.78,1.10,1.47,1.63,1.80,2.04,2.37,2.53,2.55,2.57,2.60,2.65,2.87,2.92,2.97,3.03,3.09,3.09,3.11])
y3 = np.array([13.4,13.4,13.4,13.4,13.3,13.3,13.2,12.7,12.4,12.3,12.2,12.1,11.6, 9.6, 9.1, 7.5, 5.7, 3.5, 4.6, 2.8])
plt.scatter(x3, y3,color='green')
plt.plot(x3, y3, color='green',label='单点池，0°，90cm')

#输入第四组的数据
x4 = np.array([1.20,3.68,5.95,7.00,8.71,9.92,10.20,10.99,11.02,11.10,11.22,11.66,11.85,12.14,12.29,12.37,12.43,12.54,12.61,12.72])
y4 = np.array([12.9,12.7,12.6,12.6,12.4,12.3, 12.2, 11.8,11.7 ,11.6 ,11.4 ,10.0 ,9.4  ,8.1  ,7.2  ,6.8  ,6.2  ,5.2  ,4.4  ,3.3  ])
plt.scatter(x4, y4,color='blue')
plt.plot(x4, y4, color='blue',label='四串，0°，90cm')

#输入第五组的数据
x5 = np.array([0.29,0.67,1.12,1.64,1.82,2.06,2.13,2.39,2.42,2.52,2.57,2.61,2.78,2.91,2.96,3.00,3.03,3.10,3.18,3.21])
y5 = np.array([63.4,63.1,63.0,62.6,62.4,61.7,61.3,59.7,59.4,58.1,57.4,56.7,53.1,47.2,44.1,40.8,38.8,29.5,16.9,11.2])
plt.scatter(x5, y5,color='purple')
plt.plot(x5, y5, color='purple',label='四并，0°，90cm')

plt.title("电流-电压特性图")
plt.xlabel("u/V")
plt.ylabel("I/mA")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

输出如下：

输出功率与电压关系图的源码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.interpolate import make_interp_spline
import math
from pylab import mpl

# 配置代码，表示允许使用中文
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
# 设置正常显示符号
mpl.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False

aih=[]
for k in range(20):
    aih.append(k)

#输入第一组的数据
x1 = np.array([0.23,0.43,0.88,1.38,1.91,2.36,2.73,2.75,2.76,2.77,2.80,2.81,2.87,2.89,2.99,3.06,3.11,3.15,3.18,3.21])
t1 = [33.1,33.0,33.0,32.9,32.8,32.5,30.3,30.1,29.4,29.5,29.3,28.7,27.7,27.3,23.1,18.9,14.7,10.9, 6.8, 2.9]
u1 = [x1[i]*t1[i]/1000 for i in aih]
y1 = np.array(u1)
plt.scatter(x1, y1,color='red')
plt.plot(x1, y1, color='red',label='单点池，0°，60cm')

#输入第二组的数据
x2 = np.array([0.19,0.64,1.12,1.40,1.76,2.15,2.43,2.57,2.59,2.61,2.63,2.66,2.69,2.73,2.80,2.91,3.01,3.08,3.13,3.16])
t2 = [20.0,19.9,19.9,19.9,19.8,19.6,19.2,18.8,18.6,18.5,18.4,18.3,18.1,17.5,16.9,14.9,11.9, 8.4, 5.4, 3.1]
u2 = [x2[i]*t2[i]/1000 for i in aih]
y2 = np.array(u2)
plt.scatter(x2, y2,color='yellow')
plt.plot(x2, y2, color='yellow',label='单点池，0°，75cm')

#输入第三组的数据
x3 = np.array([0.44,0.78,1.10,1.47,1.63,1.80,2.04,2.37,2.53,2.55,2.57,2.60,2.65,2.87,2.92,2.97,3.03,3.09,3.09,3.11])
t3 = [13.4,13.4,13.4,13.4,13.3,13.3,13.2,12.7,12.4,12.3,12.2,12.1,11.6, 9.6, 9.1, 7.5, 5.7, 3.5, 4.6, 2.8]
u3 = [x3[i]*t3[i]/1000 for i in aih]
y3 = np.array(u3)
plt.scatter(x3, y3,color='green')
plt.plot(x3, y3, color='green',label='单点池，0°，90cm')

#输入第四组的数据
x4 = np.array([1.20,3.68,5.95,7.00,8.71,9.92,10.20,10.99,11.02,11.10,11.22,11.66,11.85,12.14,12.29,12.37,12.43,12.54,12.61,12.72])
t4 = [12.9,12.7,12.6,12.6,12.4,12.3, 12.2, 11.8,11.7 ,11.6 ,11.4 ,10.0 ,9.4  ,8.1  ,7.2  ,6.8  ,6.2  ,5.2  ,4.4  ,3.3  ]
u4 = [x4[i]*t4[i]/1000 for i in aih]
y4 = np.array(u4)
plt.scatter(x4, y4,color='blue')
plt.plot(x4, y4, color='blue',label='四串，0°，90cm')

#输入第五组的数据
x5 = np.array([0.29,0.67,1.12,1.64,1.82,2.06,2.13,2.39,2.42,2.52,2.57,2.61,2.78,2.91,2.96,3.00,3.03,3.10,3.18,3.21])
t5 = [63.4,63.1,63.0,62.6,62.4,61.7,61.3,59.7,59.4,58.1,57.4,56.7,53.1,47.2,44.1,40.8,38.8,29.5,16.9,11.2]
u5 = [x5[i]*t5[i]/1000 for i in aih]
y5 = np.array(u5)
plt.scatter(x5, y5,color='purple')
plt.plot(x5, y5, color='purple',label='四并，0°，90cm')

plt.title("输出功率-电压关系图")
plt.xlabel("U/V")
plt.ylabel("P/W")
plt.legend()
plt.show()

输出如下：

之后还需找到功率的最大值，代码如下:

# 找到最大值点，这里使用np.argmax函数查找y数组中的最大值的索引
max_idx1 = np.argmax(y1)
print(x1[max_idx1], y1[max_idx1])