使用Python的Tkinter库实现学生信息管理

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox

win = tk.Tk()
win.title("学生管理系统")
win.geometry("500x600")
def add_student():
    name = entry_name.get()
    id = entry_id.get()
    gender = entry_gender.get()
    age = entry_age.get()
    phone = entry_phone.get()
    students_info.append((name, id, gender, age, phone))
    refresh_treeview()
    clear_entries()
def delete_student():
    selected_items = tree.selection()
    if selected_items:
        # 获取Treeview中选中项的索引
        index = int(tree.index(selected_items[0]))
        # 从Treeview中删除
        tree.delete(selected_items[0])
        # 从全局列表中根据索引删除对应的学生信息
        del students_info[index]
        messagebox.showinfo("成功", "学生信息已删除。")
    else:
        messagebox.showinfo("提示", "请先选择一个学生信息进行删除。")
def select_student_info(event):
    selected_item = tree.selection()
    if selected_item:
        item_values = tree.item(selected_item[0], 'values')
        entry_name.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry_id.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry_gender.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry_age.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry_phone.delete(0, tk.END)
        entry_name.insert(0, item_values[0])
        entry_id.insert(0, item_values[1])
        entry_gender.insert(0, item_values[2])
        entry_age.insert(0, item_values[3])
        entry_phone.insert(0, item_values[4])
def modify_student():
    selected_item = tree.selection()
    if selected_item:
        index = tree.index(selected_item[0])
        new_name = entry_name.get()
        new_id = entry_id.get()
        new_gender = entry_gender.get()
        new_age = entry_age.get()
        new_phone = entry_phone.get()
        students_info[index] = (new_name, new_id, new_gender, new_age, new_phone)
        tree.item(selected_item[0], values=(new_name, new_id, new_gender, new_age, new_phone))
        clear_entries()
    else:
        messagebox.showinfo("提示", "请先选择一个学生信息进行修改。")
def refresh_treeview():
    for item in tree.get_children():
        tree.delete(item)
    for student in students_info:
        tree.insert('', 'end', values=student)
def clear_entries():
    entry_name.delete(0, tk.END)
    entry_id.delete(0, tk.END)
    entry_gender.delete(0, tk.END)
    entry_age.delete(0, tk.END)
    entry_phone.delete(0, tk.END)
students_info = []
entry_name = Entry(win)
entry_id = Entry(win)
entry_gender = Entry(win)
entry_age = Entry(win)
entry_phone = Entry(win)
lb1 = Label(win, text="")
title = Label(win, text="学生管理系统", bg="#add8e6", font=("黑体", 14))
name_label = Label(win, text="姓名：", font=("黑体", 13))
id_label = Label(win, text="学号：", font=("黑体", 13))
gender_label = Label(win, text="性别：", font=("黑体", 13))
age_label = Label(win, text="年龄：", font=("黑体", 13))
phone_label = Label(win, text="电话：", font=("黑体", 13))
btn_add = Button(win, text="添加学生信息", command=add_student)
btn_delete = Button(win, text="删除学生信息", command=delete_student)
btn_modify = Button(win, text="修改学生信息", command=modify_student)
btn_refresh = Button(win, text="显示学生信息", command=refresh_treeview)
tree = ttk.Treeview(win, columns=('姓名', '学号', '性别', '年龄', '电话'), show='headings')
tree.column('姓名', width=90, anchor=CENTER)
tree.column('学号', width=90, anchor=CENTER)
tree.column('性别', width=90, anchor=CENTER)
tree.column('年龄', width=90, anchor=CENTER)
tree.column('电话', width=90, anchor=CENTER)
tree.heading('姓名', text='姓名')
tree.heading('学号', text='学号')
tree.heading('性别', text='性别')
tree.heading('年龄', text='年龄')
tree.heading('电话', text='电话')
tree.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', select_student_info)
lb1.place(x=0, y=30, width=300)
title.place(x=0, y=0, width=500, height=70)
name_label.place(x=200, y=80, width=60)
id_label.place(x=200, y=120, width=60)
gender_label.place(x=200, y=160, width=60)
age_label.place(x=200, y=200, width=60)
phone_label.place(x=200, y=240, width=60)
entry_name.place(x=260, y=83, width=180, height=20)
entry_id.place(x=260, y=123, width=180, height=20)
entry_gender.place(x=260, y=163, width=180, height=20)
entry_age.place(x=260, y=203, width=180, height=20)
entry_phone.place(x=260, y=240, width=180, height=20)
btn_add.place(x=30, y=80, width=120, height=30)
btn_delete.place(x=30, y=130, width=120, height=30)
btn_modify.place(x=30, y=180, width=120, height=30)
btn_refresh.place(x=30, y=230, width=120, height=30)
tree.place(x=10, y=300, width=480, height=290)
win.mainloop()

优点：

①模块化设计：通过定义多个函数（如add_student, delete_student, modify_student等），代码结构清晰，易于理解和维护。每个功能都有对应的函数处理，提高了代码的模块化程度。

②用户友好：提供了图形用户界面(GUI)，使得非技术用户也能轻松操作，包括添加、删除、修改和查看学生信息。使用了messagebox来显示操作结果的反馈信息，增强了用户体验。

③数据一致性：通过全局变量students_info列表存储学生信息，确保了数据的一致性。无论是添加、删除还是修改学生信息，都会即时更新这个列表，且UI上的Treeview也会随之刷新，保持数据与显示同步。

④交互性强：利用Treeview控件和事件绑定（如<ButtonRelease-1>），实现了与用户的直接交互。用户可以直接从列表中选择学生进行操作，提升了操作的直观性和便捷性。

⑤简洁明了：尽管功能全面，但代码整体较为简洁，没有过多复杂的逻辑，这对于初学者理解Tkinter编程非常有帮助。变量命名直观，遵循了良好的编程实践。

⑥灵活性与可扩展性：虽然当前系统功能基础，但结构设计允许容易地添加更多功能或调整现有功能。例如，可以轻松增加验证输入的功能，或者增加排序、搜索学生信息的能力。

⑦资源管理：通过在最后调用win.mainloop()启动事件循环，代码能够持续监听用户操作，保证了窗口的正常运行，同时也确保了资源的有效管理，程序在关闭时会自动释放相关资源。