AVL树

目录

AVL树的概念:

AVL树节点的定义:

AVL树的插入:

按照二叉搜索树的形式插入新节点:

查找要插入的节点的位置:

插入节点:

调整节点的平衡因子:

0

正负1

正负2

AVL树的旋转:

左旋:

右旋:

左右双旋:

右左双旋:

AVL树的验证:

验证其为二叉搜索树:

验证其为平衡树:

AVL树源码:


AVL树的概念:

前文提到的二叉搜索树虽然可以提高搜索效率,但是可能会形成单支树,又由于二叉树的查找效率是高度次,所以但支树的搜索二叉树会导致查找效率低下。G.M.Adelson-Velskii和E.M.Landis发明了平衡二叉树(AVL)来解决上述问题,向二叉树插入新节点后,保证每个节点的左右子树之差的绝对值不超过1,即可降低二叉树高度,提高搜索效率。


AVL树节点的定义:

template <class T>
struct AVLTreeNode
{
    AVLTreeNode(const T&data)
        :_data(data)
        ,_left(nullptr)
        ,_right(nullptr)
        ,_parnet(nullptr)
        ,__pf(0)
    {}

    T _data;
    AVLTreeNode<T>* _left;      //该节点的左孩子
    AVLTreeNode<T>* _right;     //该节点的右孩子
    AVLTreeNode<T>* _parent;    //该节点的双亲
    int _pf;                    //定义平衡因子
}

AVL树的插入:

按照二叉搜索树的形式插入新节点:

查找要插入的节点的位置:

二叉搜索树默认是当前节点的左节点的数值小于当前节点的数值,当前节点的右节点的数值大于当前节点的数值,如果要插入的值小于当前节点的数值,就往左走,大于当前节点的数值,就往右走。又因为AVL树是没有重复数值的,所以当出现要插入的数值跟树的某个节点的数值相同时,则退出函数,不进行插入操作。

Node* parent = nullptr;
Node* pcur = _root;

while (pcur)
{
	if (pcur->_kv.first < kv.first)
	{
		parent = pcur;
		pcur = pcur->_right;
	}
	else if (pcur->_kv.first > kv.first)
	{
		parent = pcur;
		pcur = pcur->_left;
	}
	else
	{
		return false;
	}
}

插入节点:

pcur = new Node(kv);
if (parent->_kv.first > kv.first)
{
	parent->_left = pcur;
}
else if (parent->_kv.first < kv.first)
{
	parent->_right = pcur;
}

调整节点的平衡因子:

平衡因子默认是右减左:

pCur插入后,pParent的平衡因子一定需要调整,在插入之前,pParent的平衡因子分为三种情况:-1,0, 1, 分以下两种情况:
  • 如果pCur插入到pParent的左侧,只需给pParent的平衡因子-1即可
  • 如果pCur插入到pParent的右侧,只需给pParent的平衡因子+1即可
此时:pParent的平衡因子可能有三种情况:

0

如果pParent的平衡因子为0,说明插入之前pParent的平衡因子为正负1,插入后被调整
成0,此时满足AVL树的性质,插入成功。
if (parent->_bf == 0)
	break;

正负1

如果pParent的平衡因子为正负1,说明插入前pParent的平衡因子一定为0,插入后被更
新成正负1,此时以pParent为根的树的高度增加,需要继续向上更新。
else if (parent->_bf == 1 || parent->_bf == -1)
{
	pcur = parent;
	parent = parent->_parent;
}

正负2

如果pParent的平衡因子为正负2,则pParent的平衡因子违反平衡树的性质,需要对其进
行旋转处理。
else if (parent->_bf == 2 || parent->_bf == -2)
{
	if (parent->_bf == 2 && pcur->_bf == 1)
	{
		RotateL(parent);
	}
	else if (parent->_bf == -2 && parent->_bf == -1)
	{
		RotateR(parent);
	}
	else if (parent->_bf == 2 && parent->_bf == -1)
	{
		RotateRL(parent);
	}
	else
	{
		RotateLR(parent);
	}
}

AVL树的旋转:

如果在一个原本平衡的AVL树中插入一个新的节点,可能造成不平和,这时就必须使用旋转调整树的结构,使其再次平衡。

左旋:

void RotateL(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* SubR = parent->_left;
		Node* SubRL = SubR->_right;
		Node* Parentparent = parent->_parent;

		parent->_left = SubRL;
		if (SubRL)
			SubRL->_parent = parent;
		SubR->_right = parent;
		parent->_parent = SubR;

		if (Parentparent == nullptr)
		{
			SubR->_parent = nullptr;
			_root = SubR;
		}
		else
		{
			if (parent == Parentparent->_left)
				Parentparent->_left = SubR;
			else if (parent == Parentparent->_right)
				Parentparent->_right = SubR;
			SubR->_parent = Parentparent;
		}
		parent->_bf = SubR->_bf = 0;
	}

右旋:

void RotateR(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* SubL = parent->_left;
		Node* SubLR = SubL->_right;
		Node* Parentparent = parent->_parent;

		parent->_left = SubLR;
		if (SubLR)
			SubLR->_parent = parent;
		SubL->_right = parent;
		parent->_parent = SubL;

		if (Parentparent == nullptr)
		{
			SubL->_parent = nullptr;
			_root = SubL;
		}
		else
		{
			if (parent == Parentparent->_left)
				Parentparent->_left = SubL;
			else if (parent == Parentparent->_right)
				Parentparent->_right = SubL;
			SubL->_parent = Parentparent;
		}
		parent->_bf = SubL->_bf = 0;
	}

左右双旋:

void RotateLR(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* SubL = parent->_left;
		Node* SubLR = SubL->_right;
		int bf = SubLR->_bf;

		RotateL(SubL);
		RotateR(parent);

		if (bf == 0)
		{
			parent->_bf = 0;
			SubL->_bf = 0;
			SubLR = 0;
		}
		else if (bf == -1)
		{
			parent->_bf = 1;
			SubLR->_bf = 0;
			SubL->_bf = 0;
		}
		else if (bf == 1)
		{
			SubLR->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = 0;
			SubL->_bf = -1;
		}
		else
		{
			assert(false);
		}
	}

右左双旋:

void RotateRL(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* SubR = parent->_right;
		Node* SubRL = SubR->_left;
		int bf = SubRL->_bf;

		RotateR(parent->_right);
		RotateL(parent);

		if (bf == 0)
		{
			SubR->_bf = 0;
			SubRL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = 0;
		}
		else if (bf == 1)
		{
			SubR->_bf = 0;
			SubRL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = -1;
		}
		else if (bf == -1)
		{
			SubR->_bf = 1;
			SubRL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = 0;
		}
		else
		{
			assert(false);
		}
	}

AVL树的验证:

验证其为二叉搜索树:

中序遍历是升序

验证其为平衡树:

每个节点子树高度差的绝对值不超过1(注意节点中如果没有平衡因子)
节点的平衡因子是否计算正确

AVL树源码:

#pragma once
#include <assert.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template<class K,class V>
struct AVLNode
{
	pair<K, V> _kv;
	AVLNode<K, V>* _left;
	AVLNode<K, V>* _right;
	AVLNode<K, V>* _parent;
	int _bf;

	AVLNode(const pair<K,V>&kv)
		:_kv(kv)
		,_left(nullptr)
		,_right(nullptr)
		,_parent(nullptr)
		,_bf(0)
	{}
};

template<class K,class V>
class AVLTree
{
	typedef AVLNode<K, V> Node;
public:
	AVLTree()
		:_root(nullptr)
	{}
	AVLTree(const AVLTree<K, V>& r)
	{
		_root = Copy(r._root);
	}
	AVLTree<K,V>& operator=(AVLTree<K,V> t)
	{
		std::swap(_root, t._root);
		return *this;
	}
	~AVLTree()
	{
		Destory(_root);
		_root = nullptr;
	}

	bool insert(const pair<K, V>& kv)
	{
		if (_root == nullptr)
		{
			_root = new Node(kv);
			return true;
		}

		Node* parent = nullptr;
		Node* pcur = _root;

		while (pcur)
		{
			if (pcur->_kv.first < kv.first)
			{
				parent = pcur;
				pcur = pcur->_right;
			}
			else if (pcur->_kv.first > kv.first)
			{
				parent = pcur;
				pcur = pcur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				return false;
			}
		}

		pcur = new Node(kv);
		if (parent->_kv.first > kv.first)
		{
			parent->_left = pcur;
		}
		else if (parent->_kv.first < kv.first)
		{
			parent->_right = pcur;
		}
		//更改平衡因子
		//默认是右减左
		while (parent)
		{
			if (pcur == parent->_left)
				parent->_bf--;
			else if (pcur == parent->_right)
				parent->_bf++;

			if (parent->_bf == 0)
				break;
			else if (parent->_bf == 1 || parent->_bf == -1)
			{
				pcur = parent;
				parent = parent->_parent;
			}
			else if (parent->_bf == 2 || parent->_bf == -2)
			{
				if (parent->_bf == 2 && pcur->_bf == 1)
				{
					RotateL(parent);
				}
				else if (parent->_bf == -2 && parent->_bf == -1)
				{
					RotateR(parent);
				}
				else if (parent->_bf == 2 && parent->_bf == -1)
				{
					RotateRL(parent);
				}
				else
				{
					RotateLR(parent);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				assert(false);
			}
		}
		return true;

		

	}

	bool Find(const pair<K, V>& kv)
	{
		Node* pcur = _root;
		while (pcur)
		{
			if (kv.first < pcur->_kv.first)
			{
				pcur = pcur->_left;
			}
			else if (kv.first > pcur->_kv.first)
			{
				pcur = pcur->_right;
			}
			else
			{
				return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

	bool isbalance()
	{
		return _isbalance(_root);
	}
private:
	Node* Copy(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
		{
			return nullptr;
		}
		Node* newroot = new Node(root->_kv);
		newroot->_left = Copy(root->_left);
		newroot->_right = Copy(root->_right);
		return newroot;
	}

	void Destory(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
		{
			return;
		}
		Destory(root->_left);
		Destory(root->_right);
		delete root;
	}

	void RotateL(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* SubR = parent->_left;
		Node* SubRL = SubR->_right;
		Node* Parentparent = parent->_parent;

		parent->_left = SubRL;
		if (SubRL)
			SubRL->_parent = parent;
		SubR->_right = parent;
		parent->_parent = SubR;

		if (Parentparent == nullptr)
		{
			SubR->_parent = nullptr;
			_root = SubR;
		}
		else
		{
			if (parent == Parentparent->_left)
				Parentparent->_left = SubR;
			else if (parent == Parentparent->_right)
				Parentparent->_right = SubR;
			SubR->_parent = Parentparent;
		}
		parent->_bf = SubR->_bf = 0;
	}
	void RotateR(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* SubL = parent->_left;
		Node* SubLR = SubL->_right;
		Node* Parentparent = parent->_parent;

		parent->_left = SubLR;
		if (SubLR)
			SubLR->_parent = parent;
		SubL->_right = parent;
		parent->_parent = SubL;

		if (Parentparent == nullptr)
		{
			SubL->_parent = nullptr;
			_root = SubL;
		}
		else
		{
			if (parent == Parentparent->_left)
				Parentparent->_left = SubL;
			else if (parent == Parentparent->_right)
				Parentparent->_right = SubL;
			SubL->_parent = Parentparent;
		}
		parent->_bf = SubL->_bf = 0;
	}

	void RotateRL(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* SubR = parent->_right;
		Node* SubRL = SubR->_left;
		int bf = SubRL->_bf;

		RotateR(parent->_right);
		RotateL(parent);

		if (bf == 0)
		{
			SubR->_bf = 0;
			SubRL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = 0;
		}
		else if (bf == 1)
		{
			SubR->_bf = 0;
			SubRL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = -1;
		}
		else if (bf == -1)
		{
			SubR->_bf = 1;
			SubRL->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = 0;
		}
		else
		{
			assert(false);
		}
	}
	
	void RotateLR(Node* parent)
	{
		Node* SubL = parent->_left;
		Node* SubLR = SubL->_right;
		int bf = SubLR->_bf;

		RotateL(SubL);
		RotateR(parent);

		if (bf == 0)
		{
			parent->_bf = 0;
			SubL->_bf = 0;
			SubLR = 0;
		}
		else if (bf == -1)
		{
			parent->_bf = 1;
			SubLR->_bf = 0;
			SubL->_bf = 0;
		}
		else if (bf == 1)
		{
			SubLR->_bf = 0;
			parent->_bf = 0;
			SubL->_bf = -1;
		}
		else
		{
			assert(false);
		}
	}

	int Hight(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
		{
			return 0;
		}
		int left = Hight(root->_left);
		int right = Hight(root->_right);

		return left > right ? left + 1 : right + 1;
	}

	bool _isbalance(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == nullptr)
		{
			return true;
		}

		int left = Hight(root->_left);
		int right = Hight(root->_right);
		if (abs(left - right) >= 2 || abs(left - right) != root->_bf)
		{
			return false;
		}

		return _isbalance(root->_left) && _isbalance(root->_right);
	}
	Node* _root = nullptr;
};

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