(16)CT137A- 呼吸灯设计

        （1）设计定义：设计呼吸灯LED，一个循环周期总时间控制在2.5s内，LED显示从熄灭到慢慢亮起耗时1s，然后保持全亮0.5s，最后在1s内从点亮慢慢熄灭。

        （2）设计思路：可以使用状态机实现功能，三个状态：从熄灭到点亮、保持点亮、从点亮到熄灭。

        （3）代码设计：

        1.首先需要定义4个计数器，分别计数1us，1ms，0.5s，1s

//1us计时器设计
always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)
	if(!reset_n)
		cnt_us <= 6'd0;
	else if(!en_cnt)
		cnt_us <= 6'd0;
	else if(cnt_us == MCNT_US)
		cnt_us <= 6'd0;
	else 
		cnt_us <= cnt_us + 6'd1;
		
//1ms计数器
always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)
	if(!reset_n)
		cnt_ms <= 10'd0;
	else if(!en_cnt)
		cnt_ms <= 10'd0;
	else if((cnt_ms == MCNT_MS) && (cnt_us == MCNT_US))
		cnt_ms <= 10'd0;
	else if(cnt_us == MCNT_US)
		cnt_ms <= cnt_ms + 10'd1;
	else 
		cnt_ms <= cnt_ms;
		
//0.5s计数器
always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)
	if(!reset_n)
		cnt_s_half <= 9'd0;
	else if(!en_cnt)
		cnt_s_half <= 9'd0;
	else if((cnt_ms == MCNT_MS) && (cnt_us == MCNT_US) && (cnt_s_half == MCNT_S_HALF))
		cnt_s_half <= 9'd0;
	else if((cnt_ms == MCNT_MS) && (cnt_us == MCNT_US))
		cnt_s_half <= cnt_s_half + 9'd1;
	else 
		cnt_s_half <= cnt_s_half;
		
//1s计数器
always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)
	if(!reset_n)	
		cnt_s <= 10'd0;
	else if(!en_cnt)
		cnt_s <= 10'd0;
	else if(s_done)
		cnt_s <= 10'd0;
	else if((cnt_ms == MCNT_MS) && (cnt_us == MCNT_US))
		cnt_s <= cnt_s + 10'd1;
	else 
		cnt_s <= cnt_s;
		
assign s_done =((cnt_ms == MCNT_MS) && (cnt_us == MCNT_US) && (cnt_s == MCNT_S));

        2.设计状态机，实现三种状态的切换，需要注意的是，我们可以通过设计一个en_cnt使能信号，让每次状态切换，计数器都清零。

always@(posedge clk or negedge reset_n)
	if(!reset_n)begin
		en_cnt <= 1'd0;
		state <= STATE_1;
		LED <= 1'd1;
	end
	else begin
		case(state)
			STATE_1:	begin
				en_cnt <= 1'd1;
				if(s_done)begin
					state <= STATE_2;
					en_cnt <= 1'd0;
				end	
				else if(cnt_ms < cnt_s)
					LED <= 1'd0;
				else 
					LED <= 1'd1;
			end
			STATE_2:	begin
				en_cnt <= 1'd1;
				LED <= 1'd0;
				if((cnt_ms == MCNT_MS) && (cnt_us == MCNT_US) && (cnt_s_half == MCNT_S_HALF))begin
					state <= STATE_3;
					en_cnt <= 1'd0;
				end	
			end
			STATE_3: begin
				en_cnt <= 1'd1;
				if(s_done)begin
					state <= STATE_1;
					en_cnt <= 1'd0;
				end	
				else if(cnt_ms < cnt_s)
					LED <= 1'd1;
				else 
					LED <= 1'd0;
			end
			default: begin
				LED <= 1'd1;
				state <= STATE_1;
				en_cnt <= 1'd0;
			end
		endcase
	end