复数域RSA

题一： 

from Crypto.Util.number import *
flag = b'FAKE{Do_You_know_Complex_numbers}'
p = random_prime(1 << 384)
q = random_prime(1 << 384)
n = p * q
e = 0x10001
N = pow(p, 2) + pow(q, 2)
m = bytes_to_long(flag)
c = pow(m,e,n)

print(c)
print(N)

'''
122977267154486898127643454001467185956864368276013342450998567212966113302012584153291519651365278888605594000436279106907163024162771486315220072170917153855370362692990814276908399943293854077912175867886513964032241638851526276
973990451943921675425625260267293227445098713194663380695161260771362036776671793195525239267004528550439258233703798932349677698127549891815995206853756301593324349871567926792912475619794804691721625860861059975526781239293017498
'''

利用p,q=two_squares(N)可以直接求p,q

import gmpy2
c=122977267154486898127643454001467185956864368276013342450998567212966113302012584153291519651365278888605594000436279106907163024162771486315220072170917153855370362692990814276908399943293854077912175867886513964032241638851526276
N=973990451943921675425625260267293227445098713194663380695161260771362036776671793195525239267004528550439258233703798932349677698127549891815995206853756301593324349871567926792912475619794804691721625860861059975526781239293017498

p,q=two_squares(N)
print(p)
print(q)

复数域上的欧拉：

phi(p)=p^2−1

phi(q)=q^2−1

phi(n)=(p^2−1)∗(q^2−1)

题二： 

import os
import hashlib
from Crypto.Util.number import *
from secret import flag, totient
# where totient is a function used to calculate phi

class Complex:
    def __init__(self, re, im):
        self.re = re
        self.im = im
    
    def __mul__(self, c):
        re_ = self.re * c.re - self.im * c.im
        im_ = self.re * c.im + self.im * c.re
        return Complex(re_, im_)
    
    def show(self):
        print([self.re, self.im])

def complex_pow(c, exp, n):
    result = Complex(1, 0)
    while exp > 0:
        if exp & 1:
            result = result * c
            result.re = result.re % n
            result.im = result.im % n
        c = c * c
        c.re = c.re % n
        c.im = c.im % n
        exp >>= 1
    return result

def pad(msg, length):
    pad_length = length - len(msg) - 1
    pad_data = os.urandom(pad_length)
    return msg + b'\x00' + pad_data

def unpad(msg):
    return msg.split(b"\x00")[0]

bits = 512
p = getPrime(bits)
q = getPrime(bits)
n = p * q

sha_flag = hashlib.sha256(flag).digest()

m1 = Complex(
        int.from_bytes(sha_flag[:len(sha_flag)//2], "big"),
        int.from_bytes(sha_flag[len(sha_flag)//2:], "big"),
    )

m2 = Complex(
        int.from_bytes(pad(flag[:len(flag)//2], bits//4-1), "big"),
        int.from_bytes(pad(flag[len(flag)//2:], bits//4-1), "big"),
    )

phi = totient(p, q)
e = q * inverse(p, phi)
c1 = complex_pow(m1, e, n)
c2 = complex_pow(m2, e, n)

c1.show()
c2.show()
print(f'n = {n}')

"""
[90554536599623574119664951128649936419332926063696768860765928746438458550068553748440108394673303800443215316190882880737918820592384729010491685487061658710808286341751196450604089438847354206384322610922839055308138101241906861635339635907663440043442187064090630207952625897567214431195621589834131462698, 9144096375153318849308858335764188418198064372272913164911615933938183103747900881824918069830188301084043148828961577193063557255905230182831945580084452509300200269659063051152684191139872067872645370760797859584822240361290678189844670289832298393156571913616456958845361092243648857334156534377833472900]
[62925714576233017213228404230949787334346543378320798964656732359587152905032848271156799538355748406136742979043729040728123730886381468564779041856310262770766050213464073568850702827835472680885186487027698395099598698463717279017013124488699475168052581476224742146967412904416266652605031934025266540003, 62818668456104375760667670741457826560706388018921820295286033114468271151921637926389738844622672202424650967678199715932465104135980734708459543588178208672956785650944371545080965650112025782049517299538052360417245732776384089052839997333049599655001615752078742624898059780909287845495731050387891926520]
n = 94040393367054633265453751757391098049234338193258976478647369399924701067077628840760704857546243644552533845934146003988635403227234096447871132283820920489003286967145732739404245319615714787916756200564828237043658350145929927911058782352154997346295194977765305107634012698472977467843980475009837261877
"""

---

---

根据copper求出m1

cc1 = complex_pow(c1,n,n).get_value()，调用 get_value 方法获取 result 的实部和虚部，返回一个元组。

from Crypto.Util.number import *
from gmpy2 import *

class Complex:
    def __init__(self, re, im):
        self.re = re
        self.im = im

    def __mul__(self, c):
        re_ = self.re * c.re - self.im * c.im
        im_ = self.re * c.im + self.im * c.re
        return Complex(re_, im_)

    def show(self):
        print([self.re, self.im])

    def get_value(self):
        return self.re,self.im

def complex_pow(c, exp, n):
    result = Complex(1, 0)
    while exp > 0:
        if exp & 1:
            result = result * c
            result.re = result.re % n
            result.im = result.im % n
        c = c * c
        c.re = c.re % n
        c.im = c.im % n
        exp >>= 1
    return result

c1 = [90554536599623574119664951128649936419332926063696768860765928746438458550068553748440108394673303800443215316190882880737918820592384729010491685487061658710808286341751196450604089438847354206384322610922839055308138101241906861635339635907663440043442187064090630207952625897567214431195621589834131462698, 9144096375153318849308858335764188418198064372272913164911615933938183103747900881824918069830188301084043148828961577193063557255905230182831945580084452509300200269659063051152684191139872067872645370760797859584822240361290678189844670289832298393156571913616456958845361092243648857334156534377833472900]
c2 = [62925714576233017213228404230949787334346543378320798964656732359587152905032848271156799538355748406136742979043729040728123730886381468564779041856310262770766050213464073568850702827835472680885186487027698395099598698463717279017013124488699475168052581476224742146967412904416266652605031934025266540003, 62818668456104375760667670741457826560706388018921820295286033114468271151921637926389738844622672202424650967678199715932465104135980734708459543588178208672956785650944371545080965650112025782049517299538052360417245732776384089052839997333049599655001615752078742624898059780909287845495731050387891926520]
n = 94040393367054633265453751757391098049234338193258976478647369399924701067077628840760704857546243644552533845934146003988635403227234096447871132283820920489003286967145732739404245319615714787916756200564828237043658350145929927911058782352154997346295194977765305107634012698472977467843980475009837261877
c1 = Complex(c1[0],c1[1])
c2 = Complex(c2[0],c2[1])
cc1 = complex_pow(c1,n,n).get_value()

P.<m> = Zmod(n)[]
f = cc1[0] - m
f = f.monic()
m1 = f.small_roots(2^128,0.4)[0]

q = gcd(cc1[0]-int(m1),n)
p = n // q
phi = (p^2 - 1) * (q ^ 2 - 1)
e = q * inverse(p, phi)
d = inverse(e,phi)
m2 = complex_pow(c2,d,n).get_value()
print(long_to_bytes(int(m2[0])))
print(long_to_bytes(int(m2[1])))
# flag{3ef6db06-b837-11ed-9825-00155dfcdef9}

题三：

from Crypto.Util.number import *
from secrets import flag


class Complex:
    def __init__(self, re, im):
        self.re = re
        self.im = im

    def __mul__(self, c):
        re_ = self.re * c.re - self.im * c.im
        im_ = self.re * c.im + self.im * c.re
        return Complex(re_, im_)

    def __str__(self):
        if self.im == 0:
            return str(self.re)
        elif self.re == 0:
            if abs(self.im) == 1:
                return f"{'-' if self.im < 0 else ''}i"
            else:
                return f"{self.im}i"
        else:
            return f"{self.re} {'+' if self.im > 0 else '-'} {abs(self.im)}i"


def complex_pow(c, exp, n):
    result = Complex(1, 0)
    while exp > 0:
        if exp & 1:
            result = result * c
            result.re = result.re % n
            result.im = result.im % n
        c = c * c
        c.re = c.re % n
        c.im = c.im % n
        exp >>= 1
    return result


flag = flag.strip(b"XYCTF{").strip(b"}")
p = 1127236854942215744482170859284245684922507818478439319428888584898927520579579027
g = Complex(3, 7)
x = bytes_to_long(flag)
print(complex_pow(g, x, p))
# 5699996596230726507553778181714315375600519769517892864468100565238657988087817 + 198037503897625840198829901785272602849546728822078622977599179234202360717671908i

生成元（Generator）：在一个离散对数群中，生成元是一个能够生成整个群中所有元素的元素。具体来说，设群为G，如果存在一个元素 g 属于 G，使得对于任意整数 n，都能够用 g 的 n 次方得到 G 中的所有元素，即 G = {g^n | n 是整数}，那么 g 就是 G 的一个生成元。生成元在密码学中有着重要的作用，例如在 Diffie-Hellman 密钥交换算法中，生成元用来生成共享的密钥。

基数（Base）：基数通常是指在离散对数问题中的一个参数，表示对数运算的底数。在离散对数问题中，给定一个群 G 和一个元素 g，要求解的问题是找到整数 x，使得 g^x = h，其中 h 是群 G 中的一个元素。这里的 g 就是基数

题四：

from Crypto.Util.number import *
from secrets import flag


class Complex:
    def __init__(self, re, im):
        self.re = re
        self.im = im

    def __mul__(self, c):
        re_ = self.re * c.re - self.im * c.im
        im_ = self.re * c.im + self.im * c.re
        return Complex(re_, im_)

    def __str__(self):
        if self.im == 0:
            return str(self.re)
        elif self.re == 0:
            if abs(self.im) == 1:
                return f"{'-' if self.im < 0 else ''}i"
            else:
                return f"{self.im}i"
        else:
            return f"{self.re} {'+' if self.im > 0 else '-'} {abs(self.im)}i"


def complex_pow(c, exp, n):
    result = Complex(1, 0)
    while exp > 0:
        if exp & 1:
            result = result * c
            result.re = result.re % n
            result.im = result.im % n
        c = c * c
        c.re = c.re % n
        c.im = c.im % n
        exp >>= 1
    return result


m = bytes_to_long(flag)
key = getRandomNBitInteger(m.bit_length())
c = m ^ key
com = Complex(key, c)
p = getPrime(512)
q = getPrime(512)
e = 9
enc = complex_pow(com, e, p * q)
print(enc)
print(Complex(p, q) * Complex(p, q))
# 66350931528185981323649477263900844564494528747802437244889229343520648562164950914433406604580038018765783183569276743239888668912948977370163046257917321742455772852779551569446155827368453262479370103326286297164105599131090881306108546341785251895116423206455175290083968296281375908109039893280371271943 + 65266730684129269806656018828265187384002656633231286337130178390517924611751697965395744944541329793503617856896706439809241745206839328124348693486741656130890593895436661857688522977866438805549144904296596887218275440542852887148071837153436265722614658566275517205322945316112048487893204059562830581004i
# -28814875173103880290298835537218644402443395484370652510062722255203946330565951328874411874019897676900075613671629765922970689802650462822117767927082712245512492082864958877932682404829188622269636302484189627580600076246836248427780151681898051243380477561480415972565859837597822263289141887833338111120 + 235362412848885579543400940934854106052672292040465052424316433330114813432317923674803623227280862945857543620663672974955235166884830751834386990766053503640556408758413592161122945636548462064584183165189050320898315823173824074873376450569212651128285746330837777597290934043912373820690250920839961482862i