高手必须掌握的20个常用的Python技巧

1.字符串反转

使用Python切片反转字符串：

# Reversing a string using slicing  
  
my_string = "ABCDE"  
reversed_string = my_string[::-1]  
  
print(reversed_string)  
  
# Output  
# EDCBA

2.每个单词的第一个字母大写

使用title函数方法：

my_string = "my name is chaitanya baweja"  
  
# using the title() function of string class  
new_string = my_string.title()  
  
print(new_string)  
  
# Output  
# My Name Is Chaitanya Baweja

3. 字符串查找唯一元素

使用集合的概念查找字符串的唯一元素:

my_string = "aavvccccddddeee"  
  
# converting the string to a set  
temp_set = set(my_string)  
  
# stitching set into a string using join  
new_string = ''.join(temp_set)  
  
print(new_string)  
  
# output  
# cdvae

4.重复打印字符串和列表n次

你可以使用乘法符号（*）打印字符串或列表多次：

n = 3 # number of repetitions  
  
my_string = "abcd"  
my_list = [1,2,3]  
  
print(my_string*n)  
# abcdabcdabcd  
  
print(my_list*n)  
# [1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3]

5.列表生成

# Multiplying each element in a list by 2  
  
original_list = [1,2,3,4]  
  
new_list = [2*x for x in original_list]  
  
print(new_list)  
# [2,4,6,8]

6.变量交换

a = 1  
b = 2  
  
a, b = b, a  
  
print(a) # 2  
print(b) # 1

7.字符串拆分为子字符串列表

使用.split()函数：

string_1 = "My name is Chaitanya Baweja"  
string_2 = "sample/ string 2"  
  
# default separator ' '  
print(string_1.split())  
# ['My', 'name', 'is', 'Chaitanya', 'Baweja']  
  
# defining separator as '/'  
print(string_2.split('/'))  
# ['sample', ' string 2']

8.多个字符串组合为一个字符串

list_of_strings = ['My', 'name', 'is', 'Chaitanya', 'Baweja']  
  
# Using join with the comma separator  
print(','.join(list_of_strings))  
  
# Output  
# My,name,is,Chaitanya,Baweja

9.检测字符串是否为回文

my_string = "abcba"  
  
if my_string == my_string[::-1]:  
    print("palindrome")  
else:  
    print("not palindrome")  
  
# Output  
# palindrome

10. 统计列表中元素的次数

# finding frequency of each element in a list  
from collections import Counter  
  
my_list = ['a','a','b','b','b','c','d','d','d','d','d']  
count = Counter(my_list) # defining a counter object  
  
print(count) # Of all elements  
# Counter({'d': 5, 'b': 3, 'a': 2, 'c': 1})  
  
print(count['b']) # of individual element  
# 3  
  
print(count.most_common(1)) # most frequent element  
# [('d', 5)]

11.判断两个字符串是否为Anagrams

Anagrams的含义为两个单词中，每个英文单词（不含大小写）出现的次数相同，使用Counter类判断两个字符串是否为Anagrams。

from collections import Counter  
  
str_1, str_2, str_3 = "acbde", "abced", "abcda"  
cnt_1, cnt_2, cnt_3  = Counter(str_1), Counter(str_2), Counter(str_3)  
  
if cnt_1 == cnt_2:  
    print('1 and 2 anagram')  
if cnt_1 == cnt_3:  
    print('1 and 3 anagram')  
  
# output  
# 1 and 2 anagram

12. 使用try-except-else-block模块

except获取异常处理：

a, b = 1,0  
  
try:  
    print(a/b)  
    # exception raised when b is 0  
except ZeroDivisionError:  
    print("division by zero")  
else:  
    print("no exceptions raised")  
finally:  
    print("Run this always")  
  
# output  
# division by zero  
# Run this always

13. 使用枚举函数得到key/value对

my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']  
  
for index, value in enumerate(my_list):  
    print('{0}: {1}'.format(index, value))  
  
# 0: a  
# 1: b  
# 2: c  
# 3: d  
# 4: e

14.检查对象的内存使用情况

import sys  
  
num = 21  
  
print(sys.getsizeof(num))  
  
# In Python 2, 24  
# In Python 3, 28

15.合并字典

dict_1 = {'apple': 9, 'banana': 6}  
dict_2 = {'banana': 4, 'orange': 8}  
  
combined_dict = {**dict_1, **dict_2}  
  
print(combined_dict)  
# Output  
# {'apple': 9, 'banana': 4, 'orange': 8}

16.计算执行一段代码所花费的时间

使用time类计算运行一段代码所花费的时间：

import time  
  
start_time = time.time()  
# Code to check follows  
for i in range(10**5):  
    a, b = 1,2  
    c = a+ b  
# Code to check ends  
end_time = time.time()  
time_taken_in_micro = (end_time- start_time)*(10**6)  
  
print(time_taken_in_micro)  
  
# output  
# 18770.217895507812

17. 列表展开

from iteration_utilities import deepflatten  
  
# if you only have one depth nested_list, use this  
def flatten(l):  
  return [item for sublist in l for item in sublist]  
  
l = [[1,2,3],[3]]  
print(flatten(l))  
# [1, 2, 3, 3]  
  
# if you don't know how deep the list is nested  
l = [[1,2,3],[4,[5],[6,7]],[8,[9,[10]]]]  
  
print(list(deepflatten(l, depth=3)))  
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

18. 列表采样

import random  
  
my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']  
num_samples = 2  
  
samples = random.sample(my_list,num_samples)  
print(samples)  
# [ 'a', 'e'] this will have any 2 random values

19.数字化

将整数转化成数字列表：

num = 123456  
  
# using map  
list_of_digits = list(map(int, str(num)))  
  
print(list_of_digits)  
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]  
  
# using list comprehension  
list_of_digits = [int(x) for x in str(num)]  
  
print(list_of_digits)  
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

20.检查列表元素的唯一性

检查列表中每个元素是否为唯一的：

def unique(l):  
    if len(l)==len(set(l)):  
        print("All elements are unique")  
    else:  
        print("List has duplicates")  
  
unique([1,2,3,4])  
# All elements are unique  
  
unique([1,1,2,3])  
# List has duplicates