MySQL 单表查询

一、创建数据表

1.查看数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| hero               |
| homework           |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sakila             |
| sys                |
| text               |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.04 sec)

2.创建数据库

mysql> create database worker;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec

3.查看数据库

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| hero               |
| homework           |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sakila             |
| sys                |
| text               |
| worker             |
+--------------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.选择数据表

mysql> use worker;
Database changed

5.查询数据库

mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| worker     |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6.创建数据表

mysql> create table worker( 部门号 int(10) not null );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.05 sec)

7.添加行列信息

mysql> alter table worker add `职工号` int(11) NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 1

mysql> alter table worker add `工作时间` date NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table worker add `工资` float(8,2) NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 1

mysql> alter table worker add `政治面貌` varchar(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '群众';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table worker add `姓名` varchar(20) NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> alter table worker add `出生日期` date NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

8.查看表信息

mysql> desc worker;
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field        | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| 部门号       | int         | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| 职工号       | int         | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| 工作时间     | date        | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| 工资         | float(8,2)  | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| 政治面貌     | varchar(10) | NO   |     | 群众    |       |
| 姓名         | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| 出生日期     | date        | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

9.添加表约束并查看表信息

mysql> alter table worker add primary key (职工号);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> desc worker;
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field        | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| 部门号       | int         | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| 职工号       | int         | NO   | PRI | NULL    |       |
| 工作时间     | date        | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| 工资         | float(8,2)  | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| 政治面貌     | varchar(10) | NO   |     | 群众    |       |
| 姓名         | varchar(20) | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
| 出生日期     | date        | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
+--------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

10.添加信息

mysql> INSERT INTO `worker` (`部门号`,`职工号`,`工作时间`,`工资`,`政治面貌`,`姓名`,`出生日期`) VALUES (101, 1001,'2015-5-4',3500.00,'群众','张三','1990-7-1');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `worker` (`部门号`,`职工号`,`工作时间`,`工资`,`政治面貌`,`姓名`,`出生日期`) VALUES (101, 1002, '2017-2-6', 3200.00, '团员', '李四','1997-2-8');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `worker` (`部门号`,`职工号`,`工作时间`,`工资`,`政治面貌`,`姓名`,`出生日期`) VALUES (102, 1003, '2011-1-4', 8500.00, '党员', '王亮','1983-6-8');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `worker` (`部门号`,`职工号`,`工作时间`,`工资`,`政治面貌`,`姓名`,`出生日期`) VALUES (102, 1004, '2016-10-10', 5500.00, '群众', '赵六','1994-9-5');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `worker` (`部门号`,`职工号`,`工作时间`,`工资`,`政治面貌`,`姓名`,`出生日期`) VALUES (102, 1005, '2014-4-1', 4800.00, '党员', '钱七','1992-12-30');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO `worker` (`部门号`,`职工号`,`工作时间`,`工资`,`政治面貌`,`姓名`,`出生日期`) VALUES (102, 1006, '2017-5-5', 4500.00, '党员', '孙八','1996-9-2');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

二、根据题干进行操作

1.显示所有职工的基本信息

mysql> select * from worker;
+-----------+-----------+--------------+---------+--------------+--------+--------------+
| 部门号    | 职工号    | 工作时间     | 工资    | 政治面貌     | 姓名   | 出生日期     |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+---------+--------------+--------+--------------+
|       101 |      1001 | 2015-05-04   | 3500.00 | 群众         | 张三   | 1990-07-01   |
|       101 |      1002 | 2017-02-06   | 3200.00 | 团员         | 李四   | 1997-02-08   |
|       102 |      1003 | 2011-01-04   | 8500.00 | 党员         | 王亮   | 1983-06-08   |
|       102 |      1004 | 2016-10-10   | 5500.00 | 群众         | 赵六   | 1994-09-05   |
|       102 |      1005 | 2014-04-01   | 4800.00 | 党员         | 钱七   | 1992-12-30   |
|       102 |      1006 | 2017-05-05   | 4500.00 | 党员         | 孙八   | 1996-09-02   |
+-----------+-----------+--------------+---------+--------------+--------+--------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec

2.查询所有职工所属部门的部门号，不显示重复的部门号

mysql> select distinct 部门号 from worker;
+-----------+
| 部门号    |
+-----------+
|       101 |
|       102 |
+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

3.求出所有职工的人数

mysql> select count(*) from worker;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
|        6 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

4.列出最高工资和最低工资

mysql> select max(工资),min(工资) from worker;
+-------------+-------------+
| max(工资)   | min(工资)   |
+-------------+-------------+
|     8500.00 |     3200.00 |
+-------------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

5.列出职工的平均工资和总工资

mysql> select avg(工资),sum(工资) from worker;
+-------------+-------------+
| avg(工资)   | sum(工资)   |
+-------------+-------------+
| 5000.000000 |    30000.00 |
+-------------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

6.创建一个只有职工号、姓名和参加工作的新表，名为工作日期表

mysql> create table `工作日期表`(
    -> `职工号`int(11) NOT NULL,
    -> `姓名`varchar(20) NOT NULL,
    -> `参加工作`varchar(10) NOT NULL);

7.显示所有职工的年龄

mysql> select 2024-year(出生日期) from worker;
+-------------------------+
| 2024-year(出生日期)     |
+-------------------------+
|                      34 |
|                      27 |
|                      41 |
|                      30 |
|                      32 |
|                      28 |
+-------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8.列出所有姓李的职工的职工号、姓名和出生日期

mysql> select 职工号,姓名,出生日期 from worker where 姓名 like '李%';
+-----------+--------+--------------+
| 职工号    | 姓名   | 出生日期     |
+-----------+--------+--------------+
|      1002 | 李四   | 1997-02-08   |
+-----------+--------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

9.列出1993年以前出生的职工的姓名、参加工作日期

mysql> select 姓名,工作时间 from worker where year(出生日期)<1993;
+--------+--------------+
| 姓名   | 工作时间     |
+--------+--------------+
| 张三   | 2015-05-04   |
| 王亮   | 2011-01-04   |
| 钱七   | 2014-04-01   |
+--------+--------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

10.列出工资在4000－5000之间的所有职工姓名

mysql> select 姓名 from worker where 工资 between 4000 and 5000;
+--------+
| 姓名   |
+--------+
| 钱七   |
| 孙八   |
+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

11.列出所有王姓和钱姓的职工姓名

mysql> select 姓名 from worker where 姓名 like '钱%' or 姓名 like '王%';
+--------+
| 姓名   |
+--------+
| 王亮   |
| 钱七   |
+--------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

12.列出所有部门号为2的职工号、姓名、政治面貌

mysql> select 职工号,姓名,政治面貌 from worker where 部门号 like '%2';
+-----------+--------+--------------+
| 职工号    | 姓名   | 政治面貌     |
+-----------+--------+--------------+
|      1003 | 王亮   | 党员         |
|      1004 | 赵六   | 群众         |
|      1005 | 钱七   | 党员         |
|      1006 | 孙八   | 党员         |
+-----------+--------+--------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

13.将职工表worker中的职工按出生的先后顺序排序

mysql> select 部门号,职工号,姓名,出生日期,工作时间,工资,政治面貌 from worker order by 出生日期;
+-----------+-----------+--------+--------------+--------------+---------+--------------+
| 部门号    | 职工号    | 姓名   | 出生日期     | 工作时间     | 工资    | 政治面貌     |
+-----------+-----------+--------+--------------+--------------+---------+--------------+
|       102 |      1003 | 王亮   | 1983-06-08   | 2011-01-04   | 8500.00 | 党员         |
|       101 |      1001 | 张三   | 1990-07-01   | 2015-05-04   | 3500.00 | 群众         |
|       102 |      1005 | 钱七   | 1992-12-30   | 2014-04-01   | 4800.00 | 党员         |
|       102 |      1004 | 赵六   | 1994-09-05   | 2016-10-10   | 5500.00 | 群众         |
|       102 |      1006 | 孙八   | 1996-09-02   | 2017-05-05   | 4500.00 | 党员         |
|       101 |      1002 | 李四   | 1997-02-08   | 2017-02-06   | 3200.00 | 团员         |
+-----------+-----------+--------+--------------+--------------+---------+--------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

14.显示工资最高的前3名职工的职工号和姓名

mysql> select 职工号,姓名 from worker order by 工资 desc limit 3;
+-----------+--------+
| 职工号    | 姓名   |
+-----------+--------+
|      1003 | 王亮   |
|      1004 | 赵六   |
|      1005 | 钱七   |
+-----------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

15.求出各部门党员的人数

mysql> select 部门号,count(*) from worker where 政治面貌 like '党员' group by 部门号;
+-----------+----------+
| 部门号    | count(*) |
+-----------+----------+
|       102 |        3 |
+-----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

16.统计各部门的总工资和平均工资

mysql> select 部门号,avg(工资),sum(工资) from worker group by 部门号;
+-----------+-------------+-------------+
| 部门号    | avg(工资)   | sum(工资)   |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+
|       101 | 3350.000000 |     6700.00 |
|       102 | 5825.000000 |    23300.00 |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

17.列出总人数大于3的部门号和总人数

mysql> select 部门号,count(*) from worker group by 部门号 having count(*)>3;
+-----------+----------+
| 部门号    | count(*) |
+-----------+----------+
|       102 |        4 |
+-----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)