一、实验描述
1、R4为ISP,其上只能配置IP地址;R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP。
2、R3、R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点。
3、整个OSPF环境IP地址基于172.16.0.0/16划分。
4、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保证更新安全。
5、全网可达。
二、实验步骤
- 划分IP地址(如上图)
- 对area 0 区域的设备进行IP地址及环回地址和缺省路由的配置
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R3: [r3]int s 4/0/0 [r3-Serial4/0/0]ip a 34.0.0.1 24 [r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.2 R4: [isp]int s 4/0/0 [isp-Serial4/0/0]ip a 34.0.0.2 24 [isp-Serial4/0/0]int s 3/0/0 [isp-Serial3/0/0]ip a 46.0.0.2 24 [isp-Serial3/0/0]int s 4/0/1 [isp-Serial4/0/1]ip a 45.0.0.2 24 [isp-Serial4/0/1]int g0/0/0 [isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 47.0.0.2 24 [isp-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0 [isp-LoopBack0]ip a 4.4.4.4 24 R5: [r5]int s 4/0/0 [r5-Serial4/0/0]ip a 45.0.0.1 24 [r5-Serial4/0/0]int lo0 [r5-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.2.1 24 [r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.2 R6: [r6]int s 4/0/0 [r6-Serial4/0/0]ip a 46.0.0.1 24 [r6-Serial4/0/0]int lo0 [r6-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.3.1 24 [r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.2 R7: [r7]int g0/0/0 [r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 47.0.0.1 24 [r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0 [r7-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.4.1 24 [r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.2
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- 对R3、R5、R6、R7配置MGRE环境,R3为中心站点
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R3: [r3]int t 0/0/0 [r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.1 29 [r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp [r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.1 [r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100 [r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic R5: [r5]int t0/0/0 [r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.2 29 [r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp [r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0 [r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100 [r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register R6: [r6]int t0/0/0 [r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.3 29 [r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp [r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0 [r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100 [r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register R7: [r7]int t0/0/0 [r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip a 172.16.1.4 29 [r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp [r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100 [r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.0.0.1 register
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- 配置area 1、area 2、area 3 、area 4 的IP地址及环回接口
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R1: [r1]int g0/0/0 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.33.1 29 [r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0 [r1-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.34.1 24 R2: [r2]int g 0/0/0 [r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.33.2 29 [r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0 [r2-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.35.1 24 R3: [r3]int g0/0/0 [r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.33.3 29 [r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0 [r3-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.36.1 24 R6: [r6]int g0/0/0 [r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.65.1 29 R7: [r7]int g 0/0/1 [r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.97.1 29 R8: [r8]int g0/0/0 [r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.97.2 29 [r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0 [r8-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.98.1 24 [r8-LoopBack0]int g 0/0/1 [r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.97.9 29 R9: [r9]int g0/0/0 [r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.97.10 29 [r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1 [r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.129.1 29 [r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0 [r9-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.130.1 24 R10: [r10]int g0/0/0 [r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.129.2 29 [r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0 [r10-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.131.1 24 R11: [r11]int g 0/0/0 [r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.65.2 29 [r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0 [r11-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.66.1 24 [r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip a 172.16.65.9 29 R12: [r12]int g0/0/0 [r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip a 172.16.65.10 29 [r12]int lo0 [r12-LoopBack0]ip a 172.16.160.1 20 [r12-LoopBack0]int lo1 [r12-LoopBack1]ip a 172.16.176.1 20 [r12-LoopBack1]
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- 启动ospf协议
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R1: [r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 [r1-ospf-1]a 1 [r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 R2: [r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 [r2-ospf-1]a 1 [r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 R3: [r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 [r3-ospf-1]a 1 [r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.7.255 [r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]a 0 [r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]net [r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0 R5: [r5]ospf 1 rout [r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5 [r5-ospf-1]a 0 [r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 R6: [r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 [r6-ospf-1]a 0 [r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255 [r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 2 [r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.1 0.0.0.0 R7: [r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7 [r7-ospf-1]a 0 [r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.7.255 [r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]a 3 [r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.1 0.0.0.0 R8: [r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8 [r8-ospf-1]a 3 [r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 R9: [r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9 [r9-ospf-1]a 3 [r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.97.10 0.0.0.0 [r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]a 4 [r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.3.255 R10: [r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10 [r10-ospf-1]a 4 [r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 R11: [r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11 [r11-ospf-1]a 2 [r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 R12: [r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12 [r12-ospf-1]a 2 [r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.65.10 0.0.0.0 [r12]rip 1 [r12-rip-1]v 2 [r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
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- 更改tunnel接口的接口类型
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R3: [r3]int t0/0/0 [r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp R5: [r5]int t0/0/0 [r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp R6: [r6]int t0/0/0 [r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp R7: [r7]int t0/0/0 [r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
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- 在R1 2 进行重发布,从而科一让运行OSPF的设备学习到域外路由
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R12: [r12]ospf 1 [r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
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- 将area 4 更改为域外路由来减少路由信息
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R3: [r3]ospf 1 [r3-ospf-1]a 1 [r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0 R6: [r6]ospf 1 [r6-ospf-1]a 2 [r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0 R7: [r7]ospf 1 [r7-ospf-1]a 3 [r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0 R12: [r12]ospf 1 [r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0 R9: [r9]ospf 1 [r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
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- 将area 1、area 2 、 area 3 、做成特殊区域,来实现路由条目的减少
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R1: [r1]ospf 1 [r1-ospf-1]a 1 [r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub R2: [r1]ospf 1 [r1-ospf-1]a 1 [r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub R3: [r3]ospf 1 [r3-ospf-1]a 1 [r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary R6: [r6]ospf 1 [r6-ospf-1]a 2 [r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary R11: r11]ospf 1 [r11-ospf-1]a 2 [r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa R12: [r12]ospf 1 [r12-ospf-1]a 2 [r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa R7: [r7]ospf 1 [r7-ospf-1]a 3 [r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary R8: [r8]ospf 1 [r8-ospf-1]a 3 [r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa R9: [r9]ospf 1 [r9-ospf-1]a 3 [r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
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- 对ABR及ASBR做过子网汇总的路由器做空接口来进行防环
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R3: [r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0 R6: [r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0 R7: [r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0 R12: [r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0 R9: [r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
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- 能够进行访问到公网,进行NAT协议的配置
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R3 [r3]acl 2000 [r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 [r3]int s 4/0/0 [r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000 R5 [r5]acl 2000 [r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 [r5]int s4/0/0 [r5-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000 R6 [r6]acl 2000 [r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 [r6]int s 4/0/0 [r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000 R7 [r7]acl 2000 [r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 [r7]int g0/0/0 [r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
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- 对area 1 进行区域认证的配置,保证更新安全
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R1 [r1]ospf 1 [r1-ospf-1]a 1 [r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456 R2 [r1]ospf 1 [r1-ospf-1]a 1 [r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456 R3 [r3]ospf 1 [r3-ospf-1]a 1 [r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
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- 加快收敛
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R3 [r3]int t0/0/0 [r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10 R5 [r5]int t0/0/0 [r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10 R6 [r6]int t0/0/0 [r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10 R7 [r7]int t0/0/0 [r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
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