一、实验拓扑
二、实验要求
1、R4为ISP,其上只配置IP地址;R4与其他所直连设备间均使用公有IP;
2、R3-R5、R6、R7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;除了R12有两个环回,其他路由器均有一个环回IP;
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6、全网可达;
三、实验步骤
1.划分IP地址
(1)先按区域划分大网段
172.16.0.0/19——area0
172.16.32.0/19——area1
172.16.64.0/19——area2
172.16.96.0/19——area3
172.16.128.0/19——area4
172.16.160.0/19——RIP
172.16.192.0/19
172.16.224.0/19
(2)划分area0小网段
172.16.0.0/24——P2P
172.16.1.0/24——MA
172.16.2.0/24——R4环回
172.16.3.0/24——R5环回
172.16.4.0/24——R6环回
172.16.5.0/24——R7环回
172.16.6.0/24——隧道
(3)划分area1小网段
172.16.32.0/24——P2P
172.16.33.0/24——MA
172.16.34.0/24——R1环回
172.16.35.0/24——R2环回
172.16.36.0/24——R3环回
(4)划分area2小网段
172.16.64.0/24——P2P
172.16.65.0/24——MA
172.16.65.0/30——R6-R11
172.16.65.4/30——R11-R12
172.16.66.0/24——R11环回
(5)划分area3小网段
172.16.96.0/24——P2P
172.16.97.0/24——MA
172.16.97.0/30——R7-R8
172.16.97.4/20——R8-R9
172.16.98.0/24——R8环回
(6)划分area4小网段
172.16.128.0/24——P2P
172.16.129.0/24——MA
172.16.129.0/30——R9-R10
172.16.130.0/24——R9环回
172.16.131.0/24——R10环回
(7)划分RIP小网段
172.16.160.0/24——L0
172.16.161.0/24——L1
2.配置IP地址
区域1:
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]quit
[R1]dis ip int br
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.2 24
[R2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.35.2 24
[R2-LoopBack0]quit
[R2]dis ip int b
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.33.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.36.3 24
[R3-LoopBack0]quit
[R3]dis ip int b
区域0:
[R3]int s4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ip add 43.0.0.3 24
[R3-Serial4/0/0]quit
[R3]dis ip int b
[R5]int s 4/0/0
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ip add 45.0.0.5 24
[R5-Serial4/0/0]quit
[R5]int l0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.5 24
[R5-LoopBack0]quit
[R5]dis ip int b
[R6]int s 4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.6 24
[R6-Serial4/0/0]quit
[R6]int l0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.4.6 24
[R6-LoopBack0]quit
[R6]dis ip int b
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.7 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.5.7 24
[R7-LoopBack0]quit
[R7]dis ip int b
[R4]int s 4/0/0
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ip add 43.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial4/0/0]int s 4/0/1
[R4-Serial4/0/1]ip add 45.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial4/0/1]int s 3/0/0
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ip add 46.0.0.4 24
[R4-Serial3/0/0]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 47.0.0.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.4 24
[R4-LoopBack0]quit
[R4]dis ip int b
区域2:
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.1 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R6]dis ip int b
[R11]int g0/0/0
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.2 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.65.5 30
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.66.11 24
[R11-LoopBack0]quit
[R11]dis ip int b
[R12]int g0/0/0
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.65.6 30
RIP区域:
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.12 24
[R12-LoopBack0]int l1
[R12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.161.12 24
[R12-LoopBack1]quit
[R12]dis ip int b
区域3:
[R7]int g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.1 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit
[R7]dis ip int b
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.2 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.97.5 30
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.98.8 24
[R8-LoopBack0]quit
[R8]dis ip int b
[R9]int g0/0/0
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.97.6 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R9]dis ip int b
区域4:
[R9]int g0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.129.1 30
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[R9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.130.9 24
[R9-LoopBack0]quit
[R9]dis ip int b
[R10]int g0/0/0
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.129.2 30
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[R10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.131.10 24
[R10-LoopBack0]quit
[R10]dis ip int b
3、在公网口的路由器上下发静态缺省。
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 43.0.0.4
[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
[R6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[R7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4
4、配置RIP协议、OSPF协议,使私网全通
(1)在R1上配置OSPF协议
[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.31.255
(2)在R1上配置OSPF协议
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.1
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.31.255
(3)在R3上配置OSPF协议
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.31.255
(4)在R6上配置OSPF协议
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255
[R6-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.0 0.0.31.255
(5)在R11上配置OSPF协议
[R11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[R11-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.2
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.0 0.0.31.255
(6)在R12上配置RIP协议、OSPF协议
[R12]rip 1
[R12-rip-1]version 2
[R12-rip-1]undo summary
[R12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
[R12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[R12-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.2
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.0 0.0.31.255
[R12-ospf-1]import-route rip
(7)在R7上配置OSPF协议
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255
[R7-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
(8)在R8上配置OSPF协议
[R8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.3
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
(9)在R9上配置OSPF协议
[R9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.3
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.0 0.0.31.255
[R9]ospf 2 router-id 9.9.9.9
[R9-ospf-2]area 0.0.0.4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255
[R9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
[R9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
(10)在R10上配置OSPF协议
[R10]ospf 2 router-id 10.10.10.10
[R10-ospf-2]area 0.0.0.4
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.31.255
5、配置MGRE环境
(1)在R3上配置隧道IP地址,以R3为中心站点
[R3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.6.3 24
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
(2)在R5是配置隧道IP地址,分支站点IP地址不固定,所以封装serial接口
[R5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address172.16.6.5 24
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]source serial 4/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
(3)在R6是配置隧道IP地址,分支站点IP地址不固定,所以封装serial接口
[R6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address172.16.6.6 24
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]source serial 4/0/0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
(7)在R7是配置隧道IP地址,分支站点IP地址不固定,所以封装serial接口
[R7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address172.16.6.7 24
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.6.3 34.0.0.3 register
6.配置路由协议
(1)在R3上宣告隧道地址
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255 //宣告隧道网段
(2)在R5上宣告隧道地址
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
(3)在R6上宣告隧道地址
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
(4)在R7上宣告隧道地址
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255
7、基于OSPF上配置MGRE环境的问题,OSPF的路由表可能学习不全,所以更改tunnel接口类型为广播或P2MP
[R3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
8、因为BR和BDR选举容易混乱,所以关闭R5、R6和R7的选举权
[R5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[R5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[R7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
R1pingR10
R1pingR12
9、配置Easy IP,使全网可访问R4环回
(1)在R3上配置Easy IP
[R3]acl 2000
[R3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R3]interface serial 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
(2)在R6上配置Easy IP
[R6]acl 2000
[R6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R6]interface serial 4/0/0
[R6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
(3)在R7上配置Easy IP
[R7]acl 2000
[R7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[R7]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
10.做区域聚合,减少LSA的更新数量。在ABR设备上做区域间聚合——在R3、R6和R7上做聚合。在ASBR设备上做域外聚合——在R9和R12上做聚合
(1)在R3上做area1的聚合
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
(2)在R6上做area2的聚合
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
(3)在R7上做area3的聚合
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
(4)在R9上做area4的聚合
[R9]ospf 1
[R9]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
(5)在R12上做RIP聚合
[R12]ospf 1
[R12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
11、手动配置防环
[R3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[R6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[R9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[R12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
12、area1划分Totally stub;area2有ASBR设备(R12),所以划分Totally NSSA;area3有ASBR设备(R9),所以划分Totally NSSA
(1)划分area1的特殊区域
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
(2)划分area2的特殊区域
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
(3)划分area3的特殊区域
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
13、R9向R10下发默认缺省
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
14、修改hello时间或死亡时间来加快收敛进程
(1)修改area1的hello时间
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
(2)修改area0的hello时间
[R3]interface serial 4/0/0
[R3-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-Serial4/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-Serial3/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R5-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R6-Serial4/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
(3)修改area2的hello时间
[R6]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
(4)修改area3的hello时间
[R7]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
(5)修改area4 的hello时间
[R9]interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
[R9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf timer hello 5
[R10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ospf timer hello 5
15.做接口认证或区域认证,保障更新安全
(1)在area1配置区域认证
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
(2)在area2配置区域认证
[R6]ospf 1
[R6-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.2
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
(3)在area3配置区域认证
[R7]ospf 1
[R7-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.3
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
(4)在area4配置区域认证
[R9]ospf 2
[R9-ospf-2]area 0.0.0.4
[R9-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R10-ospf-2-area-0.0.0.4]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
(5)在area0配置区域认证
[R3]ospf 1
[R3-ospf-1]area 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher wdy12345
16、测试