更多学习内容 结构体内存对齐 和 位段-CSDN博客 指针初级(基础知识)-CSDN博客 指针进阶(深入理解)-CSDN博客
目录
1.sizeof与strlen的区别
请思考以下运行结果
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char arr1[3] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
char arr2[] = "abc";
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr2));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr1));
return 0;
}
结果为: 随机值,3,3,4
2.一维数组
请思考以下运行结果
int a[] = {1,2,3,4};
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a+0));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[1]));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*&a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a[0]));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a[0]+1));
结果为:16,4或8,4,4或8,4,4或8,16,4或8,4或8,4或8。
3.字符指针
请思考以下运行结果
代码1
char arr[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr[0]+1));
结果为:6,1,1,4/8,4/8,4/8
代码2
char arr[] = {'a','b','c','d','e','f'};
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr[0]+1));
结果为:随机值n,随机值n,?,?,随机值n,随机值n-6,随机值n-1
代码3
char arr[] = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&arr[0]+1));
结果为:7,4/8,1,1,4/8,4/8,4/8
代码4
char arr[] = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr+0));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(arr[1]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&arr[0]+1));
结果为:6,6,?,?,6,随机值,5
代码5
char *p = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(*p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p[0]));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p+1));
printf("%d\n", sizeof(&p[0]+1));
结果为:4/8,4/8,1,1,4/8,4/8,4/8
代码6
char *p = "abcdef";
printf("%d\n", strlen(p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(p+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(*p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(p[0]));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p+1));
printf("%d\n", strlen(&p[0]+1));
结果为:6,5,?,?,6?,随机值,5
4.二维数组
请思考以下运行结果
int a[3][4] = {0};
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0][0]));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0]));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[0]+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(a[0]+1)));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(a+1)));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(&a[0]+1));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*(&a[0]+1)));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(*a));
printf("%d\n",sizeof(a[3]));
结果为:48,4,16,4/8,4,4/8,16,4/8,16,16,16
5.指针运算(笔试题)
请思考以下运行结果
试题1
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
int *ptr = (int *)(&a + 1);
printf( "%d,%d", *(a + 1), *(ptr - 1));
return 0;
}
结果为:2,5
试题2
struct Test
{
int Num;
char *pcName;
short sDate;
char cha[2];
short sBa[4];
}*p = (struct Test*)0x100000;
int main()
{
printf("%p\n", p + 0x1);
printf("%p\n", (unsigned long)p + 0x1);
printf("%p\n", (unsigned int*)p + 0x1);
return 0;
}
结果为:00100020,00100001,00100004(32位机器)
以上结构体内存布局如下:
这里涉及到结构体内存对齐的知识,不理解可以点击链接学习
试题3
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3][2] = { (0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5) };
int *p;
p = a[0];
printf( "%d", p[0]);
return 0;
}
结果为:1
试题4
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5][5];
int(*p)[4];
p = a;
printf( "%p,%d\n", &p[4][2] - &a[4][2], &p[4][2] - &a[4][2]);
return 0;
}
结果为:FFFFFFFC ,4
注意:二维数组在物理内存上储存其实是连续的
内存布局为:
注意:指针减指针得到的是指针之间的元素个数,而不是地址的差值
试题5
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int aa[2][5] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };
int *ptr1 = (int *)(&aa + 1);
int *ptr2 = (int *)(*(aa + 1));
printf( "%d,%d", *(ptr1 - 1), *(ptr2 - 1));
return 0;
}
结果为:10,5
试题6
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *a[] = {"work","at","alibaba"};
char**pa = a;
pa++;
printf("%s\n", *pa);
return 0;
}
结果为:at
试题7
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *c[] = {"ENTER","NEW","POINT","FIRST"};
char**cp[] = {c+3,c+2,c+1,c};
char***cpp = cp;
printf("%s\n", **++cpp);
printf("%s\n", *--*++cpp+3);
printf("%s\n", *cpp[-2]+3);
printf("%s\n", cpp[-1][-1]+1);
return 0;
}
结果为:POINT ER ST EW
做这样的题一定要学会画图,画出图结果就一幕了然了,如下:
注:看题解的时候要看图理解
6.函数指针
请解释以下代码:
这段代码表示把0强制类型转化为void(*)()这样的函数再进行解引用进行调用
这段代码出⾃:《C陷阱和缺陷》这本书以下图片为书中所取
请解释以下代码:
这是表示一个函数名为signal参数类型为int和void()(int),返回类型为void(*)(int)的函数指针。
指针练习就到此结束,感谢阅读