实例：全校高二年级各班男女生英语成绩评估

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = 'SimHei'
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
men_means = (90.5,89.5,88.7,88.5,85.2,86.6)
women_means = (92.7,87.0,90.5,85.0,89.5,89.8)
ind = np.arange(len(men_means))   #每组柱形的X位置
width = 0.2   #各柱形的宽度
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.bar(ind-width/2,men_means,width,label='男生平均成绩')
ax.bar(ind+0.2,women_means,width,label='女生平均成绩')
ax.set_title('高二各班男生、女生英语平均成绩')
ax.set_ylabel('分数')
ax.set_xticks(ind)
ax.set_xticklabels(['高二1班','高二2班','高二3班','高二4班','高二5班','高二6班'])
#添加参考线
ax.axhline(88.5,ls='--',linewidth=1.0,label='全体平均成绩')
ax.legend(loc="lower right")
plt.show()