交换机的基本配置

实验环境

如拓扑图所示：

 实验需求

1.观察交换机的MAC地址表

1.1首先，我们在不进行任何操作的情况下观察MAC地址表看看，利用到的代码如下：

//首先我们要先进入特权模式
Switch> enable
Switch#
Switch#show mac address-table             //查看MAC表
          Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------

Vlan    Mac Address       Type        Ports
----    -----------       --------    -----

   1    0060.7058.7b01    DYNAMIC     Fa0/3

我们发现，与我们的拓扑图中两个交换机的连接线是存在与MAC中的，而其余与PC端连接的网线是没有出现的，这时候我们开始进行下一步操作。

1.2首先进入PC端的终端模式，做以下代码操作：

​​C:\>ping 192.168.1.254

我们在PC端ping我们另一台主机的ip地址然后我们再输入上述查看MAC的代码

看看效果如何：

Switch#show mac address-table 
          Mac Address Table
-------------------------------------------

Vlan    Mac Address       Type        Ports
----    -----------       --------    -----

   1    0002.1770.131e    DYNAMIC     Fa0/2
   1    0010.11ca.e3d4    DYNAMIC     Fa0/1
   1    0060.7058.7b01    DYNAMIC     Fa0/3
Switch#

我们发现，新添加了几条线路，就是我们两台PC的线路，如此，我们可以判断，交换机是通过学习来记录以下线路的MAC和Ports

2.配置接口的双工模式及速率，观察交换机的提示

首先我们进入交换机的配置环境，自适应模式下协商为双工模式，网速为100mb，如代码所示：

在注释为n个1的地方即使协商为双工模式，网速为100mb

Switch#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/24
FastEthernet0/24 is down, line protocol is down (disabled)
  Hardware is Lance, address is 0060.2f28.b618 (bia 0060.2f28.b618)
 BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  Half-duplex, 100Mb/s          //111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
  input flow-control is off, output flow-control is off
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
  Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     956 packets input, 193351 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 956 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     0 watchdog, 0 multicast, 0 pause input
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     2357 packets output, 263570 bytes, 0 underruns

Switch#

我们通过调配第一个交换机的模式来看看会有什么影响，注释全为1的是我们的观察重点，如代码所示：

//首先我们进入接口0/24
Switch#show interfaces fastEthernet 0/24
FastEthernet0/24 is down, line protocol is down (disabled)
  Hardware is Lance, address is 0060.2f28.b618 (bia 0060.2f28.b618)
 BW 100000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec,
     reliability 255/255, txload 1/255, rxload 1/255
  Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set
  Keepalive set (10 sec)
  Half-duplex, 100Mb/s                 //1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
  input flow-control is off, output flow-control is off
  ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00
  Last input 00:00:08, output 00:00:05, output hang never
  Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
  Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0
  Queueing strategy: fifo
  Output queue :0/40 (size/max)
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
     956 packets input, 193351 bytes, 0 no buffer
     Received 956 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
     0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
     0 watchdog, 0 multicast, 0 pause input
     0 input packets with dribble condition detected
     2357 packets output, 263570 bytes, 0 underruns

Switch#

我们发现，当第二个路由器是auto，自适应的时候，路由器改为半双工模式下，0/24的接口也会变为半双工，我们将第二个路由器改为双工模式试试看看，代码与上述类似，就展示部分重要代码了，如代码所示：

Switch(config-if)#duplex full 

然后我们返回拓扑图进行观察，就会发现接口处变成了红色，也就是通信失败，如图所示：

完结-------------------------------------