爬虫框架Scrapy从创建到使用(1)

2401_84009698

于 2024-04-22 23:38:37 发布

阅读量1k

点赞数 8

分类专栏：程序员文章标签：爬虫 scrapy

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2401_84009698/article/details/138097291

版权

程序员专栏收录该内容

257 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏


###### 5.爬虫运行

scrapy crawl 爬虫名


## scrapy 项目目录介绍

PaC #项目文件名称
PaC #项目目录
items.py #定义数据结构
middlewares.py #中间件
pipelines.py #数据处理
settings.py #全局配置
spiders
pac.py #爬虫文件
scrapy.cfg #项目基本配置文件


## settings.py 修改

USER_AGENT = “PaMaoyan (+http://www.yourdomain.com)” 默认是注释掉的

写死 USER_AGENT = “Mozilla/5.0”

修改后 USER_AGENT = “Mozilla/5.0”

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True 默认是True 必须开启

True 是遵守 ROBOTSTXT 协议

修改后 ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

默认的最大并发量默认16 不要设置太大

CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32 默认是注释掉的

修改后 CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

控制爬取的速度

DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3 默认是注释掉的

修改后 DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 0.5

请求头必须开启

可以添加 User-Agent

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {

“Accept”: “text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,/;q=0.8”,

“Accept-Language”: “en”,

#}
修改后：
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
“Accept”: “text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8”,
“Accept-Language”: “en”,
}


## 简单试一下


###### 1.example.py 文件中

import scrapy

class ExampleSpider(scrapy.Spider):
# 爬虫名
name = “baidu”
# 允许爬取的域名
allowed_domains = [“www.baidu.com”]
# 起始的url地址
start_urls = [“http://www.baidu.com”]

def parse(self, response):
    item = response.xpath("/html/head/title/text()")
    print("\*"\*50)
    print(item)
    print("\*" \* 50)


###### 2.PaC项目目录 平级 创建 运行文件 run.py

右键运行 run.py

from scrapy import cmdline
cmdline.execute(“scrapy crawl baidu”.split())


###### 成功运行

2024-03-27 17:03:52 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 2.11.1 started (bot: PaMaoyan)
2024-03-27 17:03:52 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 5.1.0.0, libxml2 2.10.3, cssselect 1.2.0, parsel 1.9.0, w3lib 2.1.2, Twisted 24.3.0, Python 3.12.2 (tags/v3.12.2:6abddd9, Feb 6 2024, 21:26:36) [MSC v.1937 64 bit (AMD64)], pyOpenSSL 24.1.0 (OpenSSL 3.2.1 30 Jan 2024), cryptography 42.0.5, Platform Windows-11-10.0.22631-SP0
2024-03-27 17:03:52 [scrapy.addons] INFO: Enabled addons:
[]
2024-03-27 17:03:52 [asyncio] DEBUG: Using selector: SelectSelector
2024-03-27 17:03:52 [scrapy.utils.log] DEBUG: Using reactor: twisted.internet.asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor
2024-03-27 17:03:52 [scrapy.utils.log] DEBUG: Using asyncio event loop: asyncio.windows_events._WindowsSelectorEventLoop
2024-03-27 17:03:52 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] INFO: Telnet Password: addd51de00c6d2f6
2024-03-27 17:03:52 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
[‘scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats’,
‘scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole’,
‘scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats’]
2024-03-27 17:03:52 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings:
{‘BOT_NAME’: ‘PaMaoyan’,
‘CONCURRENT_REQUESTS’: 32,
‘DOWNLOAD_DELAY’: 3,
‘FEED_EXPORT_ENCODING’: ‘utf-8’,
‘NEWSPIDER_MODULE’: ‘PaMaoyan.spiders’,
‘REQUEST_FINGERPRINTER_IMPLEMENTATION’: ‘2.7’,
‘SPIDER_MODULES’: [‘PaMaoyan.spiders’],
‘TWISTED_REACTOR’: ‘twisted.internet.asyncioreactor.AsyncioSelectorReactor’}
2024-03-27 17:03:52 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
[‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats’]
2024-03-27 17:03:52 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
[‘scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware’,
‘scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware’]
自我介绍一下，小编13年上海交大毕业，曾经在小公司待过，也去过华为、OPPO等大厂，18年进入阿里一直到现在。