你要的进阶，Jetpack核心组件Lifecycle的使用和源码解析

@SuppressWarnings(“WeakerAccess”)
public enum State {

DESTROYED,

INITIALIZED,

CREATED,

STARTED,

RESUMED;

public boolean isAtLeast(@NonNull State state) {
return compareTo(state) >= 0;
}
}
}

LifecycleRegistry是Lifecycle的一个实现,它是用在Fragment和Activity上的,它可以处理多个生命周期观察者. 具体它有什么作用,后面再讲.

####2. ReportFragment的由来
下面是ComponentActivity的onCreate()方法.

protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
}

可以看到,在上面搞了一句,注入一个ReportFragment(报告Fragment? 纪检委员? 打小报告的? 当然,我只是猜测).

有一点眉目了,其实就是在Activity中搞了一个Fragment,Fragment的生命周期我们知道了,当然就知道了Activity的生命周期,接着通知相关的观察者即可.当然,这个Fragment是没有界面的. 我们来看看,这个注入的方法干了啥.

public class ReportFragment extends Fragment {
private static final String REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG = “androidx.lifecycle”

• “.LifecycleDispatcher.report_fragment_tag”;

public static void injectIfNeededIn(Activity activity) {
// ProcessLifecycleOwner should always correctly work and some activities may not extend
// FragmentActivity from support lib, so we use framework fragments for activities
android.app.FragmentManager manager = activity.getFragmentManager();
if (manager.findFragmentByTag(REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG) == null) {
manager.beginTransaction().add(new ReportFragment(), REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG).commit();
// Hopefully, we are the first to make a transaction.
manager.executePendingTransactions();
}
}

其实这个injectIfNeededIn()看起来像是注入的方法干的就是将Fragment添加到Activity中,

来看看这个ReportFragment的生命周期方法都干了些啥,

@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
dispatchCreate(mProcessListener);
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
}

@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
dispatchStart(mProcessListener);
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
}

private void dispatchCreate(ActivityInitializationListener listener) {
if (listener != null) {
listener.onCreate();
}
}

通过调用dispatchCreate(mProcessListener)方法,感觉从命名上(是不是有点像dispatchTouchEvent())看就知道是在干啥了: 分发当前的生命周期事件.
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START); 感觉这个方法也像是在分发事件.
我们跟着这个mProcessListener来看看是在哪里设置的

/**

• Class that provides lifecycle for the whole application process.
  */
  public class ProcessLifecycleOwner implements LifecycleOwner {

//注意,我是一个单例
private static final ProcessLifecycleOwner sInstance = new ProcessLifecycleOwner();

static void init(Context context) {
sInstance.attach(context);
}

void attach(Context context) {
mHandler = new Handler();
mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
Application app = (Application) context.getApplicationContext();
app.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new EmptyActivityLifecycleCallbacks() {
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
ReportFragment.get(activity).setProcessListener(mInitializationListener);
}

@Override
public void onActivityPaused(Activity activity) {
activityPaused();
}

@Override
public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
activityStopped();
}
});
}
}

//Activity的监听器
ActivityInitializationListener mInitializationListener =
new ActivityInitializationListener() {
@Override
public void onCreate() {
}

@Override
public void onStart() {
activityStarted();
}

@Override
public void onResume() {
activityResumed();
}

private final LifecycleRegistry mRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(this);

//Activity创建的时候,分发Lifecycle.Event.ON_START事件
void activityStarted() {
mStartedCounter++;
if (mStartedCounter == 1 && mStopSent) {
mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
mStopSent = false;
}
}

ReportFragment.java
static ReportFragment get(Activity activity) {
return (ReportFragment) activity.getFragmentManager().findFragmentByTag(
REPORT_FRAGMENT_TAG);
}

ProcessLifecycleOwner看起来就像是老大哥,给整个APP提供lifecycle的,也就是说通过它我们可以观察到整个应用程序的生命周期. 如何做到的? ProcessLifecycleOwner的attach()中registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks()注册了一个监听器,一旦有Activity创建就给它设置一个Listener.这样就保证了每个ReportFragment都有Listener.

既然是一个全局的单例,并且可以监听整个应用程序的生命周期,那么,肯定一开始就需要初始化.
既然没有让我们在Application里面初始化,那么肯定就是在ContentProvider里面初始化的.

####3. 初始化

ps: 这里穿插一个小知识点: ContentProvider的onCreate()方法执行时间比Application的onCreate()执行时间还要早,而且肯定会执行.所以在ContentProvider的onCreate()方法里面初始化几个特殊的小东西是没啥问题的.

我们跟着ProcessLifecycleOwner的init()方法的调用处,来到了ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer,果不其然,它是一个ContentProvider.并且,在这里,真的就初始化了2个小东西.

public class ProcessLifecycleOwnerInitializer extends ContentProvider {
@Override
public boolean onCreate() {
LifecycleDispatcher.init(getContext());
ProcessLifecycleOwner.init(getContext());
return true;
}
}

1.ProcessLifecycleOwner初始化就不说了,是拿来观察整个应用的生命周期的,其原理就是利用ReportFragment,我们稍后详细到来.
2.LifecycleDispatcher尤其重要.

class LifecycleDispatcher {
static void init(Context context) {
…
//registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks 注册一个监听器
((Application) context.getApplicationContext())
.registerActivityLifecycleCallbacks(new DispatcherActivityCallback());
}
}
static class DispatcherActivityCallback extends EmptyActivityLifecycleCallbacks {
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Activity activity, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
//又来注入咯
ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(activity);
}
@Override
public void onActivityStopped(Activity activity) {
}
@Override
public void onActivitySaveInstanceState(Activity activity, Bundle outState) {
}
}

初始化的时候,就注册了一个监听器,每个创建的时候都给它注入一个ReportFragment.咦?这里又来注入一次,不是每个Activity都注册了一次么,在ComponentActivity中,搞啥玩意儿?

我猜,可能是为了兼容吧.2次注入,确保万无一失.而且这个injectIfNeededIn()方法,内部实现是只会成功注入一次的,所以多调用一次,无所谓.

####4. 分发事件
相当于,到了这里,应用程序里面的任何一个Activity都会被注入一个ReportFragment.而注入的这个无界面的ReportFragment是可以观察到当然Activity的生命周期的.

下面我们来仔细看一下,这个事件是如何一步步分发下去的.

ReportFragment.java
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
dispatchCreate(mProcessListener);
dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
}

private void dispatch(Lifecycle.Event event) {
Activity activity = getActivity();
if (activity instanceof LifecycleRegistryOwner) {
((LifecycleRegistryOwner) activity).getLifecycle().handleLifecycleEvent(event);
return;
}

if (activity instanceof LifecycleOwner) {
//获取Activity中的LifecycleRegistry
Lifecycle lifecycle = ((LifecycleOwner) activity).getLifecycle();
if (lifecycle instanceof LifecycleRegistry) {
((LifecycleRegistry) lifecycle).handleLifecycleEvent(event);
}
}
}

不知道小伙伴儿们是否记得ComponentActivity是实现了LifecycleOwner的.

public class ComponentActivity extends Activity
implements LifecycleOwner

下面我们获取到Activity中的LifecycleRegistry,下面的代码做了精简,只保留关键代码

public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
State next = getStateAfter(event);
moveToState(next);
}

private void moveToState(State next) {
…
sync();
…
}

private void sync() {
LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();

//循环 遍历所有观察者
while (…) {
…
//分发事件
forwardPass(lifecycleOwner);
}
}

private void forwardPass(LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner) {
Iterator<Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState>> ascendingIterator =
mObserverMap.iteratorWithAdditions();
while (ascendingIterator.hasNext() && !mNewEventOccurred) {
Entry<LifecycleObserver, ObserverWithState> entry = ascendingIterator.next();
ObserverWithState observer = entry.getValue();
while ((observer.mState.compareTo(mState) < 0 && !mNewEventOccurred
&& mObserverMap.contains(entry.getKey()))) {
pushParentState(observer.mState);
//分发事件
observer.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(observer.mState));
popParentState();
}
}
}

上面的observer其实是一个ObserverWithState对象,

static class ObserverWithState {
State mState;
GenericLifecycleObserver mLifecycleObserver;

ObserverWithState(LifecycleObserver observer, State initialState) {
mLifecycleObserver = Lifecycling.getCallback(observer);
mState = initialState;
}

void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
State newState = getStateAfter(event);
mState = min(mState, newState);
//生命周期变了… 关键代码
mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
mState = newState;
}
}

在ObserverWithState的构造方法中，通过 Lifecycling.getCallback(observer)根据传进来的 observer ，构造了一个 GenericLifecycleObserver 类型的 mLifecycleObserver ,我们跟进去看一下.

static GenericLifecycleObserver getCallback(Object object) {
if (object instanceof FullLifecycleObserver) {
return new FullLifecycleObserverAdapter((FullLifecycleObserver) object);
}

if (object instanceof GenericLifecycleObserver) {
return (GenericLifecycleObserver) object;
}

final Class<?> klass = object.getClass();
int type = getObserverConstructorType(klass);
if (type == GENERATED_CALLBACK) {
List<Constructor<? extends GeneratedAdapter>> constructors =
sClassToAdapters.get(klass);
if (constructors.size() == 1) {
GeneratedAdapter generatedAdapter = createGeneratedAdapter(
constructors.get(0), object);
return new SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver(generatedAdapter);
}
GeneratedAdapter[] adapters = new GeneratedAdapter[constructors.size()];
for (int i = 0; i < constructors.size(); i++) {
adapters[i] = createGeneratedAdapter(constructors.get(i), object);
}
return new CompositeGeneratedAdaptersObserver(adapters);
}
return new ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver(object);
}

这个方法大概意思就是,根据传进的LifecycleObserver进行判断,构造一个GenericLifecycleObserver(目前是只有4个子类:FullLifecycleObserverAdapter、SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver、CompositeGeneratedAdaptersObserver、ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver)的对象.

####5. 依赖注入
首先,这里穿插一点.我们在引入lifecycle时添加了语句annotationProcessor “android.arch.lifecycle:compiler:1.1.1”,这个其实是注解处理器的依赖.

引入这个之后,会自动生成xxx_LifecycleAdapter的文件,上面的demo中生成的是MyObserver_LifecycleAdapter文件,其内容如下:

public class MyObserver_LifecycleAdapter implements GeneratedAdapter {
final MyObserver mReceiver;

MyObserver_LifecycleAdapter(MyObserver receiver) {
this.mReceiver = receiver;
}

@Override
public void callMethods(LifecycleOwner owner, Lifecycle.Event event, boolean onAny,
MethodCallsLogger logger) {
boolean hasLogger = logger != null;
if (onAny) {
return;
}
if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE) {
if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall(“onCreate”, 1)) {
mReceiver.onCreate();
}
return;
}
if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_START) {
if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall(“onStart”, 1)) {
mReceiver.onStart();
}
return;
}
if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME) {
if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall(“onResume”, 1)) {
mReceiver.onResume();
}
return;
}
if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE) {
if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall(“onPause”, 1)) {
mReceiver.onPause();
}
return;
}
if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP) {
if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall(“onStop”, 1)) {
mReceiver.onStop();
}
return;
}
if (event == Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY) {
if (!hasLogger || logger.approveCall(“onDestroy”, 1)) {
mReceiver.onDestroy();
}
return;
}
}
}

因为我们的事件是声明在MyObserver的方法注解上面的,每次去反射取这些东西,比较耗性能.那么我们通过该依赖库,把这些标注了的方法进行预处理,然后直接回调这些方法,避免反射,进行提高性能.666,佩服.

有了上面的知识之后,分析getCallback()方法,不难发现,因为MyObserver_LifecycleAdapter只有一个构造方法,那么就会构造出SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver.而SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver内部其实就是调用一下方法而已.

public class SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver implements GenericLifecycleObserver {

private final GeneratedAdapter mGeneratedAdapter;

SingleGeneratedAdapterObserver(GeneratedAdapter generatedAdapter) {
mGeneratedAdapter = generatedAdapter;
}

@Override
public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event) {
mGeneratedAdapter.callMethods(source, event, false, null);
mGeneratedAdapter.callMethods(source, event, true, null);
}
}

上面的mGeneratedAdapter其实就是我们的MyObserver_LifecycleAdapter.好了,结束了. 生命周期事件从Activity开始,然后到打小报告的ReportFragment那里出来,辗转发侧,终于到了我们定义的观察者,不容易啊.谷歌工程师写的代码就是牛逼.

最后

希望本文对你有所启发，有任何面试上的建议也欢迎留言分享给大家。

好了，今天的分享就到这里，如果你对在面试中遇到的问题，或者刚毕业及工作几年迷茫不知道该如何准备面试并突破现状提升自己，对于自己的未来还不够了解不知道给如何规划，来看看同行们都是如何突破现状，怎么学习的，来吸收他们的面试以及工作经验完善自己的之后的面试计划及职业规划。

好了~如果你看到了这里，觉得文章写得不错就给个赞呗？如果你觉得那里值得改进的，请给我留言。一定会认真查询，修正不足。谢谢。

为什么某些人会一直比你优秀，是因为他本身就很优秀还一直在持续努力变得更优秀，而你是不是还在满足于现状内心在窃喜！希望读到这的您能点个小赞和关注下我，以后还会更新技术干货，谢谢您的支持！
《Android学习笔记总结+移动架构视频+大厂面试真题+项目实战源码》，点击传送门，即可获取！
的未来还不够了解不知道给如何规划，来看看同行们都是如何突破现状，怎么学习的，来吸收他们的面试以及工作经验完善自己的之后的面试计划及职业规划。

[外链图片转存中…(img-4SF5sHC4-1715185403070)]

好了~如果你看到了这里，觉得文章写得不错就给个赞呗？如果你觉得那里值得改进的，请给我留言。一定会认真查询，修正不足。谢谢。

[外链图片转存中…(img-HOrZ7Gvc-1715185403071)]

为什么某些人会一直比你优秀，是因为他本身就很优秀还一直在持续努力变得更优秀，而你是不是还在满足于现状内心在窃喜！希望读到这的您能点个小赞和关注下我，以后还会更新技术干货，谢谢您的支持！
《Android学习笔记总结+移动架构视频+大厂面试真题+项目实战源码》，点击传送门，即可获取！