Android高工面试：用Glide加载Gif导致的卡顿，说一下你的优化思路

下面来看看Gif图像帧是如何被解码到Bitmap中的,请看StandardGifDecoder

public class StandardGifDecoder implements GifDecoder {
private static final String TAG = StandardGifDecoder.class.getSimpleName();
//…

// 由ByteBufferGifDecoder的decode方法可知,通过StandardGifDecoder获取Gif的下一帧数据,用于转换为Bitmap.
@Nullable
@Override
public synchronized Bitmap getNextFrame() {
//…

// 根据Gif的头信息获取GIF当前帧的帧数据
GifFrame currentFrame = header.frames.get(framePointer);
GifFrame previousFrame = null;
int previousIndex = framePointer - 1;
if (previousIndex >= 0) {
previousFrame = header.frames.get(previousIndex);
}

// Set the appropriate color table.
// 设置色表:用于设置像素透明度 lct == local color table ; gct == global color table;这里告诉我们的就是先局部后全局
act = currentFrame.lct != null ? currentFrame.lct : header.gct;
if (act == null) {
if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG)) {
Log.d(TAG, “No valid color table found for frame #” + framePointer);
}
// No color table defined.
status = STATUS_FORMAT_ERROR;
return null;
}

// Reset the transparent pixel in the color table
// 重置色表中的像素的透明度
if (currentFrame.transparency) {
// Prepare local copy of color table (“pct = act”), see #1068
System.arraycopy(act, 0, pct, 0, act.length);
// Forget about act reference from shared header object, use copied version
act = pct;
// Set transparent color if specified.
// 这里默认为黑色透明度
act[currentFrame.transIndex] = COLOR_TRANSPARENT_BLACK;
}

// Transfer pixel data to image.
// 将像素数据转换为图像
return setPixels(currentFrame, previousFrame);
}
//…

private Bitmap setPixels(GifFrame currentFrame, GifFrame previousFrame) {
// Final location of blended pixels.
// 存储上一帧的Bitmap像素数据
final int[] dest = mainScratch;

// clear all pixels when meet first frame and drop prev image from last loop
if (previousFrame == null) {
if (previousImage != null) {
// 回收上一帧的Bitmap
bitmapProvider.release(previousImage);
}
previousImage = null;
// 并且将Bitmap的像素填充黑色
Arrays.fill(dest, COLOR_TRANSPARENT_BLACK);
}
if (previousFrame != null && previousFrame.dispose == DISPOSAL_PREVIOUS
&& previousImage == null) {
//上一帧数据为被废弃了,清空
Arrays.fill(dest, COLOR_TRANSPARENT_BLACK);
}

// fill in starting image contents based on last image’s dispose code
//1. 将上一帧的 数据注入到dest数组中
if (previousFrame != null && previousFrame.dispose > DISPOSAL_UNSPECIFIED) {
if (previousFrame.dispose == DISPOSAL_BACKGROUND) {
// Start with a canvas filled with the background color
@ColorInt int c = COLOR_TRANSPARENT_BLACK;
if (!currentFrame.transparency) {
c = header.bgColor;
if (currentFrame.lct != null && header.bgIndex == currentFrame.transIndex) {
c = COLOR_TRANSPARENT_BLACK;
}
} else if (framePointer == 0) {
isFirstFrameTransparent = true;
}
// The area used by the graphic must be restored to the background color.
int downsampledIH = previousFrame.ih / sampleSize;
int downsampledIY = previousFrame.iy / sampleSize;
int downsampledIW = previousFrame.iw / sampleSize;
int downsampledIX = previousFrame.ix / sampleSize;
int topLeft = downsampledIY * downsampledWidth + downsampledIX;
int bottomLeft = topLeft + downsampledIH * downsampledWidth;
for (int left = topLeft; left < bottomLeft; left += downsampledWidth) {
int right = left + downsampledIW;
for (int pointer = left; pointer < right; pointer++) {
dest[pointer] = c;
}
}
} else if (previousFrame.dispose == DISPOSAL_PREVIOUS && previousImage != null) {
// Start with the previous frame
// 获取上一帧的Bitmap中的数据,并且将数据更新到dest中.
previousImage.getPixels(dest, 0, downsampledWidth, 0, 0, downsampledWidth,
downsampledHeight);
}
}

// Decode pixels for this frame into the global pixels[] scratch.
// 2. 解析当前帧的数据到dest中
decodeBitmapData(currentFrame);

if (currentFrame.interlace || sampleSize != 1) {
copyCopyIntoScratchRobust(currentFrame);
} else {
copyIntoScratchFast(currentFrame);
}

// Copy pixels into previous image
//3.获取当前帧的数据dest,并且将数据存储到上一帧的image(Bitmap)中存储.
if (savePrevious && (currentFrame.dispose == DISPOSAL_UNSPECIFIED
|| currentFrame.dispose == DISPOSAL_NONE)) {
if (previousImage == null) {
previousImage = getNextBitmap();
}
previousImage.setPixels(dest, 0, downsampledWidth, 0, 0, downsampledWidth,
downsampledHeight);
}

// Set pixels for current image.
// 4.获取新的Bitmap,将dest中的数据拷贝到Bitmap,提供给GifDrawable使用.
Bitmap result = getNextBitmap();
result.setPixels(dest, 0, downsampledWidth, 0, 0, downsampledWidth, downsampledHeight);
return result;
}

}

看了上述代码流程,不够直观,下面画一张图,对比一下方便分析:

由上述图可知:

• 从上一帧的Bitmap中获取帧数据然后填充到dest数组
• 然后从这个数组获取帧数数据,填充到Bitmap中(第一次将Gif帧数据转换为preBitmap)
• 解析当前帧的数据到dest数组中,并且在将该数据保存在preBitmap中
• 从BitmapProvider(提供Bitmap的复用)中获取新的Bitmap,并且将当前帧解析的dest数组拷贝到Bitmap中,供外界使用

3)Glide借助GifDrawable来播放GIF动画

public class GifDrawable extends Drawable implements GifFrameLoader.FrameCallback,
Animatable, Animatable2Compat {

@Override
public void start() {
isStarted = true;
resetLoopCount();
if (isVisible) {
startRunning();
}
}

private void startRunning() {
…
if (state.frameLoader.getFrameCount() == 1) {
invalidateSelf();
} else if (!isRunning) {
isRunning = true;
// 1. 调用了 GifFrameLoader 的 subscribe 方法
state.frameLoader.subscribe(this);
invalidateSelf();
}
}

@Override
public void onFrameReady() {
…
// 2. 执行绘制
invalidateSelf();
…
}

}

从GifDrawable实现的接口可以看出,其是一个Animatable的Drawable,因此GifDrawable可以支持播放GIF动画,还有一个重要的类就是GifFrameLoader,用来帮助GifDrawable实现GIF动画播放的调度.

GifDrawable的start方法是动画开始的入口,在该方法中将GifDrawable作为一个观察者注册到GifFrameLoader中,一旦GifFrameLoader触发了绘制,就会调用onFrameReady方法,然后通过调用invalidateSelf执行此次绘制.

来具体看看GifFrameLoader是如何执行动画的调度

class GifFrameLoader {
//…
public interface FrameCallback {
void onFrameReady();
}

//…

void subscribe(FrameCallback frameCallback) {
if (isCleared) {
throw new IllegalStateException(“Cannot subscribe to a cleared frame loader”);
}

if (callbacks.contains(frameCallback)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(“Cannot subscribe twice in a row”);
}
//判断观察者队列是否为空
boolean start = callbacks.isEmpty();
// 添加观察者
callbacks.add(frameCallback);
// 不为空,执行GIF的绘制
if (start) {
start();
}
}

private void start(){
if(isRunning){
return;
}
isRunning =true;
isCleared=false;
loadNextFrame();
}

void unsubscribe(FrameCallback frameCallback) {
callbacks.remove(frameCallback);
if (callbacks.isEmpty()) {
stop();
}
}

private void loadNextFrame() {

//…
// 当前有没有被绘制的帧数据
if (pendingTarget != null) {
DelayTarget temp = pendingTarget;
pendingTarget = null;
//直接调用onFrameReady 通知观察者绘制当前帧.
onFrameReady(temp);
return;
}
isLoadPending = true;
//获取下一帧需要绘制的间隔时长
int delay = gifDecoder.getNextDelay();
long targetTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delay;
// 将下一帧放置在最前,方便进行绘制.(位置)
gifDecoder.advance();
//通过DelayTarget中的Handler创建一个延迟消息.
next = new DelayTarget(handler, gifDecoder.getCurrentFrameIndex(), targetTime);
// Glide的加载流程 …with().load().into(); 在targetTime时,获取数据帧然后进行绘制.
requestBuilder.apply(signatureOf(getFrameSignature())).load(gifDecoder).into(next);
}

@VisibleForTesting
void onFrameReady(DelayTarget delayTarget) {
//…
if (delayTarget.getResource() != null) {
recycleFirstFrame();
DelayTarget previous = current;
current = delayTarget;
// 1. 回调给观察者,执行当前帧的绘制
for (int i = callbacks.size() - 1; i >= 0; i–) {
FrameCallback cb = callbacks.get(i);
cb.onFrameReady();
}
if (previous != null) {
handler.obtainMessage(FrameLoaderCallback.MSG_CLEAR, previous).sendToTarget();
}
}
//2. 继续加载GIF的下一帧
loadNextFrame();
}

private class FrameLoaderCallback implements Handler.Callback {
//…

@Override
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.what == MSG_DELAY) {
GifFrameLoader.DelayTarget target = (DelayTarget) msg.obj;
onFrameReady(target);
return true;
} else if (msg.what == MSG_CLEAR) {
GifFrameLoader.DelayTarget target = (DelayTarget) msg.obj;
requestManager.clear(target);
}
return false;
}
}

@VisibleForTesting
static class DelayTarget extends SimpleTarget {
//…

@Override
public void onResourceReady(@NonNull Bitmap resource,
@Nullable Transition<? super Bitmap> transition) {
this.resource = resource;
Message msg = handler.obtainMessage(FrameLoaderCallback.MSG_DELAY, this);
//通过Handler发送延迟消息,将下一帧的绘制工作消息发送出去.
handler.sendMessageAtTime(msg, targetTime);
}
}
}

可以看到在onResourceReady方法中,通过Handler将FrameLoaderCallback.MSG_DELAY消息在延迟了targetTime时候,投递到主线程的消息队列中执行.

class GifFrameLoader{

private class FrameLoaderCallback implements Handler.Callback {
static final int MSG_DELAY = 1;
static final int MSG_CLEAR = 2;

@Synthetic
FrameLoaderCallback() { }

@Override
public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.what == MSG_DELAY) {
// 回调了 onFrameReady 通知 GifDrawable 绘制
GifFrameLoader.DelayTarget target = (DelayTarget) msg.obj;
onFrameReady(target);
return true;
} else if (msg.what == MSG_CLEAR) {
…
}
return false;
}
}

@VisibleForTesting
void onFrameReady(DelayTarget delayTarget){
//…
if (delayTarget.getResource() != null) {
recycleFirstFrame();
DelayTarget previous = current;
current = delayTarget;
// 1. 回调观察者集合(GifDrawable), 执行 GIF 当前帧的绘制
for (int i = callbacks.size() - 1; i >= 0; i–) {
FrameCallback cb = callbacks.get(i);
cb.onFrameReady();
}
if (previous != null) {
handler.obtainMessage(FrameLoaderCallback.MSG_CLEAR, previous).sendToTarget();
}
}
// 2. 继续加载 GIF 的下一帧
loadNextFrame();
}
}

上述的消息处理给出一个线索:绘制当前帧和加载下一帧是串行的,也就说其中任何一个环节时间把控不准都会影响Gif加载的卡顿问题.

Glide加载Gif卡顿的优化

通过引入GIFLIB在native层解码GIF,这样一来内存消耗以及CPU的使用率都可以得到明显的降低和提升.其次通过FrameSequenceDrawable的双缓冲机制进行绘制GIF动画,这样就不需要在Java层的BitmapPool中创建多个Bitmap了.

具体看看FrameSequenceDrawable的双缓冲机制吧:

public class FrameSequenceDrawable extends Drawable implements Animatable,Runnable{

//…

public FrameSequenceDrawable(FrameSequence frameSequence,BitmapProvider bitmapProvider){
//…
final int width = frameSequence.getWidth();
final int height = frameSequence.getHeight();
//绘制前一帧的Bitmap
frontBitmap = acquireAndValidateBitmap(bitmapProvider,width,height);
//绘制下一帧的Bitmap
backBitmap = acquireAndValidateBitmap(bitmapProvider,
width,height);

//… 启动解码线程,用于处理后台解码Gif的人物
initializeDecodingThread();
}
}

从上述构造不难发现通过BitmapProvider创建了两个Bitmap;

1.GIF动画的绘制调度

public class FrameSequenceDrawable extends Drawable implements Animatable,Runnable{

@Override
public void start(){
if(!isRunning){
synchronized(mLock){
//…
if(mState == STATE_SCHEDULED){
return;
}
//.执行一次解码操作
scheduleDecodeLocked();
}
}
}

private void scheduleDecodeLocked(){
mState = STATE_SCHEDULED;
sDecodingThreadHandler.post(mDecodeRunnable);
}

private final Runnable mDecodeRunnable = new Runnable(){

@Override
public void run(){
//…
try{
//1.解码下一帧
invalidateTimeMs = mDecoder.getFrame(nextFrame,bitmap,lastFrame);
}catch(Exception e){
//…
}

if (invalidateTimeMs < MIN_DELAY_MS) {
invalidateTimeMs = DEFAULT_DELAY_MS;
}
boolean schedule = false;
Bitmap bitmapToRelease = null;

//加锁
synchronized(mLock){
if(mDestroyed){
bitmapToRelease = mBackBitmap;
mBackBitmap =null;
}else if (mNextFrameToDecode >=0 && mState ==STATE_DECODING){
// 当前是解码状态,并且下一帧要被解码的数据为0 说明下一帧解码完成.等待绘制
schedule = true;
// 间隔的绘制时间
mNextSwap = exceptionDuringDecode ? Long.MAX_VALUE:invalidateTimeMs+mLastSwap;
mState= STATE_WAITING_TO_SWAP;
}
}

if (schedule) {
// 2. 在mNextSwap的时候,进行绘制调度
scheduleSelf(FrameSequenceDrawable.this,mNextSwap);

}
}

@Override
public void run(){
boolean invalidate = false;
synchronized(mLock){
if (mNextFrameToDecode > 0 && mState == STATE_WAITING_TO_SWAP) {
invalidate =true
;
}
}
if (invalidate) {
//3. 绘制解码的数据
invalidateSelf();
}
}
}
}

从上述代码中可以看到start方法会触发一次解码操作,解码完成之后,通过调用scheduleSelf在指定的时间内执行绘制,Glide加载Gif也是差不多这样的.

2.GIF绘制以及双缓冲作用

public class FrameSequenceDrawable extends Drawable implements Animatable , Runnable{

@Override
public void draw(@NonNull Canvas canvas){
synchronized(mLock){
checkDestroyLocked();
if (mState == STATE_WAITING_TO_SWAP) {
if (mNextSwap - SystemClock.uptimeMillis()<=0) {
mState = STATE_READY_TO_SWAP;
}

}
if (isRunning() && mState == STATE_READY_TO_SWAP) {
//1.将解码线程获取的下一帧的Bitmap(mBackBitmap)赋值为上一帧的Bitmap(mFrontBitmap)
Bitmap temp = mBackBitmap;
mBackBitmap = mFrontBitmap;
mFrontBitmap = temp;

//2. 完成上述步骤后,通知解码线程继续下一次解码操作
if (continueLooping) {
scheduleDecodeLocked();
}else{
scheduleSelf(mFinishedCallbackRunnable,0);
}
}
}

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