一、Prometheus+Grafana普罗米修斯，搭建和使用_普罗米修斯grafana(1)

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-25 16:47:30 发布

2401_86401473

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-25 16:47:30 发布

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文章标签： prometheus grafana excel

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/2401_86401473/article/details/142145600

版权

A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:

Here it’s Prometheus itself.

scrape_configs:

job名称会增加到拉取到的所有采样点上，同时还有一个instance目标服务的host：port标签也会增加到采样点上

job_name: ‘prometheus’

覆盖global的采样点，拉取时间间隔5s

scrape_interval: 5s
static_configs:
- targets: [‘localhost:9090’]


### 2.2 启动服务

启动服务

[root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml

指定配置文件

–config.file=“prometheus.yml”

默认指定监听地址端口，可修改端口

–web.listen-address=“0.0.0.0:9090”

最大连接数

–web.max-connections=512

tsdb数据存储的目录，默认当前data/

–storage.tsdb.path=“data/”

premetheus 存储数据的时间，默认保存15天

–storage.tsdb.retention=15d

通过命令热加载无需重启 curl -XPOST 192.168.2.45:9090/-/reload

–web.enable-lifecycle

可以启用 TLS 或身份验证的配置文件的路径

–web.config.file=“”

启动选项了解：./prometheus --help


### 2.3 访问：http://localhost:9090


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-GlBdVFxb-1615534500769)(08736E415D4E482D94C292A069393B6C)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2021031215355036.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


### 2.4 查看暴露指标


http://localhost:9090/metrics


### 2.5 将Prometheus配置为系统服务


* 1.进入systemd目录下：cd /usr/lib/systemd/system

[root@VM_2-45 ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system


* 2.创建文件：vim prometheus.service

[Unit]
Description=https://prometheus.io

[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus --config.file=/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml --web.listen-address=:9090

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target


* 3.生效系统system文件

systemctl daemon-reload


* 4.启动服务

[root@VM_2-45 ~]# systemctl start prometheus


## 3. 客户端，配置服务发现监控linux主机及相关服务




| IP | 角色 | 系统 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 192.168.2.45 | Prometheus 服务端 | CentOS 7 |
| 192.168.2.44 | node\_exporter 客户端 | CentOS 7 |


### 3.1 客户端安装node\_exporter


#### 3.1.1 监控Linux 安装常用node\_exporter

[root@VM_2-44 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.1.2/node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@VM_2-44 ~]# tar xf node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@VM_2-44 ~]# mv node_exporter-1.1.2.linux-amd64/ node_exporter


#### 3.1.2 启动node\_exporter，并添加到服务

直接启动

[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/node_exporter]# ./node_exporter &

启动后会监听9100端口

添加为服务方式启动

[root@VM_2-44 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动node_exporter

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start node_exporter


#### 3.1.3 普罗米修斯服务端配置文件添加监控项

[root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# cat prometheus.yml

my global config

global:
scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.

scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

Alertmanager configuration

alerting:
alertmanagers:

static_configs:
- targets:
  - alertmanager:9093

Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global ‘evaluation_interval’.

rule_files:
scrape_configs:

job_name: ‘prometheus’
static_configs:
- targets: [‘192.168.2.45:9090’]
job_name: ‘linux’
static_configs:
- targets: [‘192.168.2.44:9100’,‘192.168.2.43:9100’] # 多个用,分开

添加上面三行


#### 3.1.4 重启普罗米修斯

[root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service


* 打开普罗米修斯自带的监控页面,Status -> Targets 查看：


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-vbIfPE38-1615534500770)(63E10467ED8E43969ED111B99F43D01C)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312153616257.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


### 3.2 监控mysql(mysqld-exporter)


Grafana使用这个模板链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1sVE5\_oEUnak4vTU7XaT5ig 提取码: k5gi

[root@VM_2-44 ~]# wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.12.1/mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@VM_2-44 ~]# tar xf mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local]# mv mysqld_exporter-0.12.1.linux-amd64 mysqld_exporter
[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# vim .my.cnf
[client]
user=root
password=123456


#### 3.2.1 启动mysqld-exporter

[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=“/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf” &
[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ps -ef |grep exporter
root 3447 3398 0 01:31 pts/1 00:00:02 ./node_exporter
root 4647 3398 0 02:13 pts/1 00:00:00 ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=/usr/local/mysqld_exporter/.my.cnf
root 4654 3398 0 02:13 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto exporter
[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]# ss -lntp |grep 4647
LISTEN 0 128 :::9104 ::😗 users:((“mysqld_exporter”,pid=4647,fd=3))
[root@VM_2-44 /usr/local/mysqld_exporter]#

启动后会监听9104端口


#### 3.2.2 普罗米修斯配置文件添加监控项后重启

[root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# vim prometheus.yml

job_name: ‘mysql’
static_configs:
- targets: [‘192.168.2.44:9104’]


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-Ra0ZWYMI-1615534500772)(3FED6FBB52F24F15B459AD06CC9FEED9)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312153719624.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


* 重启普罗米修斯

[root@VM_2-45 /usr/local/prometheus]# systemctl restart prometheus.service


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-BN2kDYHD-1615534500774)(B556B74646E449CEBCF8E606AA3CA228)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312153729848.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


#### 3.1.1 为了管理服务，将宿主机节点监控采集node\_exporter加入到服务配置文件里

[root@VM_2-44 ~]# vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/node_exporter.service

[Unit]
Description=https://prometheus.io

[Service]
Restart=on-failure
ExecStart=/usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter --collector.systemd --collector.systemd.unit-whitelist=(docker|sshd|nginx).service

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

监控客户端，docker服务，nginx服务,sshd


如果要监控节点的系统服务，需要在后面添加名单参数  
 –collector.systemd.unit-whitelist=".+" 从systemd中循环正则匹配单元  
 –collector.systemd.unit-whitelist="(docker|sshd|nginx).service" 白名单，收集目标


/usr/bin/node\_exporter --collector.systemd --collector.systemd.unit-whitelist=(docker|sshd|nginx).service


## 4. Grafana 展示 Prometheus 数据

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/grafana/yum/rpm/grafana-7.4.3-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@VM_2-45 ~]# yum install initscripts fontconfig
[root@VM_2-45 ~]# yum install -y grafana-7.4.3-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@VM_2-45 ~]# systemctl status grafana-server.service


启动后访问地址：ip:3000  
 初始用户名和密码都是admin


### 4.1 添加Prometheus数据源


**Configuration -> Data Sources ->add data source -> Prometheus**


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-4iVhER8e-1615534500775)(68B71080ABF54BE28FE84801894EE4DD)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312153801286.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


### 4.2 新增Dashboard Linux基础数据展示


**Create -> import**


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-kh7Ifjdz-1615534500775)(1BA665086C004F7EAE21564B513E6542)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312153815598.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


#### 4.2.2 导入模板8919


已经画好的模板链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1d70reg4Mro3Dh17bb-ZEVA 提取码: b6c1


更多grafana模板: https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards 搜索 相应 dashboards的id如**8919，12227**


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-RGCoQNaY-1615534500776)(F9E3AD6175614D828E27EEC6CCE806C5)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312153854246.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


#### 4.2.3 选择数据源


![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312153941448.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


#### 4.2.4 查看Dashboard


Dashboards ->Manage  
 ![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-oqhoPWbO-1615534500777)(8F21001E0D2947EC94582639BEDF62E5)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312154020245.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


### 4.3 新增Dashboard MySQL数据展示


* 上面3.2的内容完成后，在继续下面操作


#### 4.3.1 设置数据源


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-L3PWkOmo-1615534500778)(2FFDE2D5B020497C93627B9F8D3B220B)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312154034223.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


* 数据库上授权远程账户  
 ![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-clGbSZqm-1615534500778)(94B07BA1545D43DA955EC3E467B9DB27)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312154049382.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


#### 4.3.2 导入已经画好的dashboard，数据源选择刚刚创建好的mysql数据源即可


链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/12S33kZkZd9gIXF8tMHKECg 提取码9b0s


或者链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1GBzogDLsYS3IvwH4WbdPLw 提取码：ef6e


将下载的json打开复制进去加载  
 ![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-GVErpmvl-1615534500779)(AC3BB3A19ABB43E2A8C53BE2FEA59239)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312154106589.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


## 5. 监控Redis（redis\_exporter）


链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/12y7HxtQlBjFwr\_i8ClM8Kw 提取码：13v2


### 5.1 安装redis\_exporter

或者下载：
wget https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter/releases/download/v0.15.0/redis_exporter-v0.15.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

tar -C /usr/local/ -xvf redis_exporter-v0.15.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz


### 5.2启动redis\_exporter


默认redis\_exporter端口为9121

./redis_exporter redis//192.168.0.103:6379 & -web.listenaddress 192.168.0.103:9121


### 5.3 prometheus配置文件中加入redis监控并重启

vim /usr/local/Prometheus/prometheus.yml

默认redis-exporter端口为9121

job_name: ‘Redis’
static_configs:
- targets: [‘192.168.2.44:9121’]


### 5.4 grafana导入画好的dashboard


链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LIkVC0o3lyTT59JbX0mSpg 提取码：gf1d


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-w1RRATmR-1615534500780)(BC17EC5A3FD44E9AA1B73E3730EE5A11)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312154119702.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


### 6. 监控windows机器（wmi-exporter）


https://github.com/martinlindhe/wmi\_exporter/releases


wmi-exporter下载地址：https://github.com/prometheus-community/windows\_exporter/releases/download/v0.16.0/windows\_exporter-0.16.0-amd64.msi


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-aAz7YYKf-1615534500780)(CC98A86C2AB94BC98BF014739DDF4A86)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210312154142545.png)


* 双击即可完成安装 ，被监控windows机器安装wmi-exporter，会自动创建一个开机自启的服务


![[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-AuxpIaR2-1615534500781)(CA81699CCF634A9BB47643197B44D703)]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2021031215415358.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzMxNzI1Mzcx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70)


* 验证服务是否启动，默认wmi-exporter端口为9182
* 修改Prometheus配置文件