STM32的ADC转换（普通模式）

一、ADC，模拟数字转换器

1、定义

ADC(Analog to Digital Converter) ：模数变换器；简称“模数转换器”，把模拟量转换为数字量的装置。
在计算机控制系统中，须经各种检测装置，以连续变化的电压或电流作为模拟量，随时提供被控制对象的有关参数（如速度、压力、温度等）而进行控制。计算机的输入必须是数字量，故需用模数转换器达到控制目的，过程有抽样、量化、编码（PCM编码，脉冲编码调制）。

其次简单介绍一下PCM编码：
（1）抽样:就是对模拟信号进行周期性扫描，把时间上连续的信号变成时间上离散的信号。该模拟信号经过抽样后述应当包含原信号中所有信息，也就是说能无失真的恢复原模拟信号。
（2）量化:就是把经过抽样得到的瞬时值将其幅度离散，即用一组规定的电平，把瞬时抽样值用最接近的电平值来表示,通常是用二进制表示。
（3）编码:就是用一组二进制码组来表示每一个有固定电平的量化值。然而，实际上量化是在编码过程中同时完成的，故编码过程也称为模/数变换，可记作A/D。

2、模拟信号

模拟信号是指用连续变化的物理量表示的信息，其信号的幅度，或频率，或相位随时间作连续变化，如目前广播的声音信号，或图像信号等。抓重点，连续的，如正弦波。

3、数字信号

数字信号指幅度的取值是离散的，幅值表示被限制在有限个数值之内。
二进制码就是一种数字信号。二进制码受噪声的影响小，易于有数字电路进行处理，所以得到了广泛的应用。抓重点，离散的，但在示波器中的方波一般指的是数字信号，把竖线去掉就是离散的了。

4、常用库函数

a.根据ADC_CommonInitTypeDef结构体，初始化ADC外设指定的参数（容易被忽略）

typedef struct 
{
   
  uint32_t ADC_Mode;                      /*!< Configures the ADC to operate in 
                                               independent or multi mode. 
                                               This parameter can be a value of @ref ADC_Common_mode */                                              
  uint32_t ADC_Prescaler;                 /*!< Select the frequency of the clock 
                                               to the ADC. The clock is common for all the ADCs.
                                               This parameter can be a value of @ref ADC_Prescaler */
  uint32_t ADC_DMAAccessMode;             /*!< Configures the Direct memory access 
                                              mode for multi ADC mode.
                                               This parameter can be a value of 
                                               @ref ADC_Direct_memory_access_mode_for_multi_mode */
  uint32_t ADC_TwoSamplingDelay;          /*!< Configures the Delay between 2 sampling phases.
                                               This parameter can be a value of 
                                               @ref ADC_delay_between_2_sampling_phases */
  
}ADC_CommonInitTypeDef;

• @param ADC_CommonInitStruct: pointer to an ADC_CommonInitTypeDef structure that contains the configuration information for All ADCs peripherals.

void ADC_CommonInit(ADC_CommonInitTypeDef* ADC_CommonInitStruct)

b.根据ADC_InitTypeDef结构体，初始化ADC外设指定的参数

typedef struct
{
   
  uint32_t ADC_Resolution;                /*!< Configures the ADC resolution dual mode. 
                                               This parameter can be a value of @ref ADC_resolution */                                   
  FunctionalState ADC_ScanConvMode;       /*!< Specifies whether the conversion 
                                               is performed in Scan (multichannels) 
                                               or Single (one channel) mode.
                                               This parameter can be set to ENABLE or DISABLE */ 
  FunctionalState ADC_ContinuousConvMode; /*!< Specifies whether the conversion 
                                               is performed in Continuous or Single mode.
                                               This parameter can be set to ENABLE or DISABLE. */
  uint32_t ADC_ExternalTrigConvEdge;      /*!< Select the external trigger edge and
                                               enable the trigger of a regular group. 
                                               This parameter can be a value of 
                                               @ref ADC_external_trigger_edge_for_regular_channels_conversion */
  uint32_t ADC_ExternalTrigConv;          /*!< Select the external event used to trigger 
                                               the start of conversion of a regular group.
                                               This parameter can be a value of 
                                               @ref ADC_extrenal_trigger_sources_for_regular_channels_conversion */
  uint32_t ADC_DataAlign;                 /*!< Specifies whether the ADC data  alignment
                                               is left or right. This parameter can be 
                                               a value of @ref ADC_data_align */
  uint8_t  ADC_NbrOfConversion;           /*!< Specifies the number of ADC conversions
                                               that will be done using the sequencer for
                                               regular channel group.
                                               This parameter must range from 1 to 16. */
}ADC_InitTypeDef;

• @brief Initializes the ADCx peripheral according to the specified parameters in the ADC_InitStruct.
• @note This function is used to configure the global features of the ADC ( Resolution and Data Alignment), however, the rest of the configuration
• parameters are specific to the regular channels group (scan mode activation, continuous mode activation, External trigger source and edge, number of conversion in the regular channels group sequencer).

• @param  ADCx: where x can be 1, 2 or 3 to select the ADC peripheral.
  

• @param ADC_InitStruct: pointer to an ADC_InitTypeDef structure that contains the configuration information for the specified ADC peripheral.

void ADC_Init(ADC_TypeDef* ADCx, ADC_InitTypeDef* ADC_InitStruct)

c.为选定的ADC常规通道进行配置

• @brief Configures for the selected ADC regular channel its corresponding rank in the sequencer and its sample time.

• @param ADCx: where x can be 1, 2 or 3 to select the ADC peripheral.

• @param ADC_Channel: the ADC channel to configure.

• This parameter can be one of the following values:

•        @arg ADC_Channel_0~~~~~~arg ADC_Channel_18
  

• @param Rank: The rank in the regular group sequencer.

•         This parameter must be between 1 to 16.
  

• @param ADC_SampleTime: The sample time value to be set for the selected channel.

• This parameter can be one of the following values:

•        @arg ADC_SampleTime_3Cycles: Sample time equal to 3 cycles
  

•        @arg ADC_SampleTime_15Cycles: Sample time equal to 15 cycles
  

•        @arg ADC_SampleTime_28Cycles: Sample time equal to 28 cycles
  

•        @arg ADC_SampleTime_56Cycles: Sample time equal to 56 cycles	
  

•        @arg ADC_SampleTime_84Cycles: Sample time equal to 84 cycles	
  

•        @arg ADC_SampleTime_112Cycles: Sample time equal to 112 cycles	
  

•        @arg ADC_SampleTime_144Cycles: Sample time equal to 144 cycles	
  

•        @arg ADC_SampleTime_480Cycles: Sample time equal to 480 cycles	
  

void ADC_RegularChannelConfig(ADC_TypeDef* ADCx, uint8_t ADC_Channel, uint8_t Rank, uint8_t ADC_SampleTime)

例如是42MHZ,3cycle采集一次，那么时间